Wednesday, October 30, 2019
The internet has changed the way we access information, bringing the Essay
The internet has changed the way we access information, bringing the world to our desks. What are some of the strengths and weak - Essay Example This new platform has been aiding learning and education for several years now, and it is recognized to be one of the most valuable tools, which the world can use for advancement. The internet has become a very popular tool for academic research, due to its highly useful and user-friendly nature (McCuen, pp. 104). Scholars and students alike can access academic journals and books related to science, medicine, technology, business, and hundreds of other disciplines online, from any corner of the world, which has internet access. This gives them a wide bank of resources to work with, which often eliminates the need for more lengthy procedures such as locating and going through printed versions of books and journals. Another reason why this latter procedure is less desirable is because it is highly time consuming, as a researcher who is looking for a specific topic will have to leaf through the whole journal to locate a relevant article (McCuen, pp. 104). Whereas, in an online journal, technology assists this research and the researcher only has to type in the key words of their search and the computer presents them with relevant journal articles from several different journals, books and magazines. It is thus a highly efficient procedure to conduct research online, saving large costs in terms of time and money (McCuen, pp. 104).
Monday, October 28, 2019
History of Halloween Essay Example for Free
History of Halloween Essay Close to $7 billion dollars is what consumers spent on Halloween costumes, candy, and decorations in 2011. When the temperature starts to drop, the leaves turn different colors and the sun sets earlier little by little each day, fall is the perfect season to celebrate Halloween. Millions of children dress up and go to strangers doors begging for candy. Have you ever wondered where this strange and unique tradition originated from? The three most important points of Halloween can be summed up by looking at its origins, how it came to include jack-o-lanterns and bobbing for apples, and how it is celebrated today with trick-or-treating and haunted houses. Halloween, also known as All Hallows Eve, has originated from the ancient Celtic festival known as Samahin (sow-in) derived from the Old Irish Samuin meaning summers end. The Celts, who lived 2,000 years ago in the area that is now Ireland, the United Kingdom, and northern France, celebrated the end of the harvest season with the festival of Samhain and celebrated the upcoming new Year on November 1. Used by the ancient pagans, Samhain was a time to take stock of supplies and prepare for winter. October 31 was the day the ancient Gaels believed the boundaries overlapped between the worlds of the living and the dead, and the departed souls would come back to life and cause mayhem such as damaged crops and sickness. The Gaels built massive bonfires and summoned the help from gods through animal and possibly human sacrifices to ward of the spirits. It is believed that the fires attracted insects to the area which in turn attracted bats. These are additional features of the history of Halloween. Halloween is also thought to be influenced by the Christian holy days of All Saints Day, also known as Hallowmas, and All Souls Day falling on November 1 and 2. It was a time for honoring the saints and praying for the deceased who had yet to reach heaven. Traditionally it was believed that the departed souls roamed the earth until All Saints Day, and Hallows Eve delivered one last chance before moving on to the next world, to gain revenge on their enemies. Christians would disguise themselves in costumes and masks to avoid being recognized by the wandering souls. Trick or treating is the practice of dressing up in costumes and going door to door begging for candy and resembles the late medieval practice of souling when the poor would proceed door to door on Hallowmas receiving food, or soul cakes which were pastries, and in return would pray for their dead relatives souls. It was believed at the time the souls of the departed would wait for passage into heaven until enough people prayed for their souls. Soul cakes would be given in exchange for a song, performance, or another sort of trick in some cultures. Eventually, children embraced this practice and were given money, food, and ale. Jack o lanterns are a Halloween staple today, with at least two historical roots. The first is the pagan Celtic people carved turnips and rutabagas to hold hot coal from the bonfire to light their homes and ward off the evil spirits. Another folklore tale gives jack o lanterns their name. An Irish myth portrays a trickster and a drunk known as Stingy Jack, who asked the devil to have a drink with him. Jack persuaded the devil to change himself into a coin so he could pay for his drink, but instead he put the coin in his wallet next to a silver cross, trapping the devil and preventing him to change himself back. Jack said he would free the devil if he did not bother him for another year. The following year Jack tricks the devil into climbing an apple tree for a piece of fruit. He then carved a cross in the bark of the tree preventing the devil from climbing down. In order to get down from the tree, the devil promised Jack he would not seek his soul anymore. Because of his swindling and drunken ways, when Jack died he was not allowed into heaven. He also was not allowed into Hell because the devil kept his word. Taking pity on Jack, the devil gave him an ember to light his way in the dark, putting it into a hollowed out turnip for Jack to carry on his lonely, everlasting roamings around the Earth. People from Ireland and Scotland would make Jack o lanterns during this season to scare away Stingy Jack and other evil spirits wandering about. Over the next several centuries, superstitions about witches and black cats were added to the folklore and legends of Halloween. Cats were thought of as evil, especially black cats, and were killed by the thousands in Medieval times, possibly contributing to the Black Plague, due to the shortage of the rats natural enemy, the cat. During this time, the church created the belief that evil witches existed. Apples, which are a seasonal fruit, and the symbol of the Roman goddess Pomona, were thought at the time to retain qualities of knowledge, resurrection, and immorality. Bobbing for apples was thought to predict the future on the night of Samhain. (sow-in) Halloween eventually made its way over the Atlantic in the second half of the nineteenth century when America became flooded with new immigrants. Taking from Irish and English traditions, Americans began to dress up in costumes and go house to house asking for food or money, a practice that ultimately became todays trick-or-treat tradition. The 20th century saw an emergence of Halloween as a genuinely North American holiday and one that was becoming an advantage for shopkeepers and manufactures. Costuming became popular for Halloween parties for children and adults as well. The first mass-produced Halloween costumes appeared in stores in the 1930s when trick-or-treating was becoming popular in the United States. Halloween costumes are traditionally modeled after supernatural figures such as monsters, ghosts, skeletons, witches, and devils. Over time, the costume selection extended to include popular characters from fiction, celebrities, and generic prototypes such as ninjas and princesses. Haunted attractions are entertainment venues designed to thrill and scare patrons. Most attractions are seasonal Halloween businesses. Origins of these paid scare venues are difficult to pinpoint, but it is generally accepted that they were first commonly used by the Junior Chamber International (Jaycees), who are a non-political youth service organization between the ages of 18 to 40, for fundraising. They include haunted houses, corn mazes, and hayrides, and the level of sophistication of the effects has risen as the industry has grown. Haunted attractions in the United States bring in an estimate $300-500 million each year, and draw some 400,000 customers. This maturing and growth within the industry has led to more technically-advanced special effects and costuming, comparable with that of Hollywood films. Halloween is currently the second most important party night in North America, and in terms of its retail potential, it is second to Christmas. Personally, Halloween is one of my favorite days of the year. Even as an adult, to dress up and be someone or something else for the night can be fun and exciting. To escape reality into a fantasy-like world where goblins mingle with princesses is definitely a strange site to see, but is well worth the money and time devoted to one of the spookiest nights of the year. So whether you celebrate Halloween or not, you now have an idea of how Halloween originated, how it came to include bobbing for apples and jack-o-lanterns, and how we celebrate it today with haunted houses and trick-or treating. The sources I cited for this information are from: www.cnbc.com www.halloweenhistory.org www.wikipedia.org www.history.com
Saturday, October 26, 2019
Internet Life :: Technology Computers Web Essays
Internet Life Paying bills online, reading a novel, and buying a pair of sneakers is just some of the opportunities the world wide web has only allowed us to do in the last decades. Even though these tasks simplify our lives, making it less stressful on our busy lives, it seems as though if we are losing part of culture through losing daily errands. Can you imagine one hundred years from now that you might be able to go to a tourist attraction that showed our everyday life, such as you can do now at Plymouth Rock, Massachusetts? At Plymouth Rock, Massachusetts, you can visit a built replica of the Pilgrims’ community and interact with Pilgrims ( or employees acting like Pilgrims) to see how life was during that time. Suppose if there was a replica of our society, would they have employees dressed up acting like they’re doing routine tasks, such as picking up the dry cleaning? Would the visitors be amazed with what we had to endure and how unfortunate we were to have such small techn ological advancements such as we are with past cultures? Even the minor errands we do every day, such as using the library, will become a click of a button away without even having to leave the house. Today you will not find a card catalog in a library, and soon, our way of gathering information will become a rare item. Our society continues looking for new technology to simplify life, and the cost becomes overwhelming when trying to keep up to date. You cannot buy a new computer and feel satisfied with it six months later due to new updates and more gadgets being made for it. Updating and manufacturing of these computer goods seem to be too quick to keep up with learning the programs also. Even as we speak, my father has owned a personal computer for about six years now, but he still does not know how to open any other program than AOL. If everything becomes digital, it seems that we would lose a grip of reality with losing sense of touch and human contact. Reading a book requires the physical process of grasping the book in your hands while turning the pages with your own fingers; Kurzweil refers to a book having value to it, because you can actually feel the source of knowledge.
Thursday, October 24, 2019
Lincoln :: essays research papers
Over the past few years we’ve seen the glamorous acquisitions and mergers of some of the world’s largest companies. Looking towards consolidating resources, minimizing risk and greater control over the product from inception to marketing, these mergers incorporate both vertical integration and horizontal integration.      Times Warner’s’ merger with Turner broadcasting created the largest media company in the world. It owns cable distribution, cable channels, production, music publishing, book and magazine publishing, retail interests, film production and theater chains. An example of possible problems: The 1996 controversy over Time Warner’s cable provider not wanting to distribute Fox’s 24 hour channel, a competitor with Turner’s CNN. Add to this that TCI, the country’s largest cable provider, is now the third largest shareholder in the corporation through its stake in Turner.      These new organizations have the ability to control and promote a product from multiple angles. However, the size doesn’t tell the whole story. A greater measure of the level of competition comes in terms of market share and the barrier for new companies to enter the industry. While the current trend seems to be toward both vertical and horizontal integration, there are possible reasons for the trend to reverse itself. Because of the financial risk involved with new, large-scale ventures, companies that compete in one market find themselves in partnerships elsewhere. This could cause conflicts should these competing ventures find themselves in the same market.      We have witnessed many mergers in recent months. Here are some mergers that might happen in the future: Names of Co. Merging                              New Name W.R. Grace Co., Fuller Brush Co., Mary Kay:          Hale Mary Fuller Grace John Deere & Abitibi-Price:                         Deere Abi Honeywell, Imasco, and Home Oil:                    Honey, I’m Home 3M, J.C. Penney, Metropolitan Opera Co:               3 Penney Opera Grey Poupon & Dockers Pants:                         Poupan Pants Over the past few years we’ve seen the glamorous acquisitions and mergers of some of the world’s largest companies. Looking towards consolidating resources, minimizing risk and greater control over the product from inception to marketing, these mergers incorporate both vertical integration and horizontal integration.      Times Warner’s’ merger with Turner broadcasting created the largest media company in the world. It owns cable distribution, cable channels, production, music publishing, book and magazine publishing, retail interests, film production and theater chains. An example of possible problems: The 1996 controversy over Time Warner’s cable provider not wanting to distribute Fox’s 24 hour channel, a competitor with Turner’s CNN. Add to this that TCI, the country’s largest cable provider, is now the third largest shareholder in the corporation through its stake in Turner.
Wednesday, October 23, 2019
General Motors Organizational Transition
General Motors Organizational Transition General Motors was founded by William Durant on September 16th, 1908. General Motors (GM) is an American based automobile manufacturing company. From its inception, GM has grown from a small Detroit, Michigan manufacturing plant to one of the top three auto manufacturers in America and the world’s second largest. GM has manufacturing plants in 35 countries and sells in over 200 countries. Throughout the years, recognizable brand names such as Oldsmobile, Opel, Cadillac, Pontiac and Chevrolet have become a part of GM. The company has branched out into the aviation and financial lending fields as well. Recent economic meltdowns have affected GM to point of bankruptcy in 2008. It took an American government bail-out in 2008 to save the company. GM then began an over-haul of its entire organization; including production, manufacturing, management structure and fiscal responsibility practices. The article, GM Organizational Change by Michelle Powers, published March 17, 2009, covers many points of the corporation’s transition from a traditional organizational model to a transformed organizational model. The article identifies how changing the organizational model impacted GM’s workforce, customer base and local communities that GM’s many arms of business were a part of, support systems that were put in place at GM to insure successful transition. Before the transition was put into effect, GM had a traditional hierarchical management structure and viewpoint. At the top of the structure was the president, who was answerable to only the board of directors, senior management and vice-presidents of varied departments were answerable to the president. On down the line there were division managers & supervisors and so on, then your average, regular employees. Having separate entities, such as Buick, Cadillac and other divisions operating differently from each other and the parent company was costly and ineffective in this â€Å"earth is flat†economic and communications era. GM North America President Mark Reuss, stated, â€Å"I could see clear as day that the mix and the structure of people just wasn’t right. These changes were necessary for GM to move faster and win. We need people who are change agents. After the economic troubles of the company, all aspects of how the company was run and directed were researched. Jack Smith GM’s CEO stated, â€Å"I had the opportunity to really structure the business in the way I thought is should be run. †GM has started to move their organization into what is called a transformed organizational model (TOM). A TOM does not have multiple departments, performing sepa rate tasks from others with different goals. It has taken several years to transform GM to an organization with a more centralized organization. The company set up The Automotive Strategy Board, a management committee to ensure that the CEO was informed and knowledgable of the company’s progress, trouble-spots, and over-all health. A monthly meeting is held with all the heads of all the regional departments even Global officials had to attend via phone. With this plan, all of the companies leaders were informed and were able to implement common goals and practices. The separate computer systems bogged down communications and often produced more mis-communication than not. A central software program was developed and implemented. All offices, administration staff, management, and employees were all trained on the new system world-wide. This level of development and training was costly. With the new level of stream-lined communications and universal usage, the system and training proved their worth. In the new Mishawaka, Indiana plant, GM has pioneered a teamwork concept called the Global Manufacturing System (GMS). Teams of workers have designed the jobs that are performed for each stage of the production process. The worker is supported first by his or her own â€Å"team†, a group of four or five workers assigned to perform specific tasks. The team is supported by a team leader. In turn, each group of four or five teams has the support of a group leader. In addition, each person is a member of a team assigned to perform specific tasks. Each team member is cross-trained for each other’s job. â€Å"Inherent in this process is everyone helps everyone. The whole focus, the entire focus, of GMS is to support the operator,†said AM General President and Chief Executive Officer, James Armour. So far, AM General has spent $35 million on more than 177,000 hours of training for employees. The plant(s) implementing the GMS model show more confidence in the workers. On the assembly line there are cords for each station in the event that a worker feels that there is a problem, he or she can stop the line at his or her discretion to correct the problem. The assembly lines are designed more ergonomically. Other plants use the straight-line assembly model where workers have to reach the line either by differing platform heights or outright reaching from the ground. The new plant has the assembly line rolling along for different heights for each portion of the production needed in that placement. Employees have more control over their life on the job. This has been leading to less management/labor disputes . The plant has a three-step grievance system and as of yet, no grievance has gone further than the first step. Not all plant employees who have been offered a transfer to the new GMS model have not been interested in a transfer. For some people the old way is working best for them. If this model continues to be successful, they might not have a choice about it for much longer. I believe that the changes GM has been implementing have improved the company overall. It seems that extensive research showed that getting the people of all levels throughout the company more involved with more aspects has had a positive impact. The use of teams has proved more effective than the solitary worker with a manager or supervisor to report to. Centralizing communications has put everyone on the â€Å"same page†for goal setting, problem solving, and share of information throughout the organization. The more information that is shared, the better for all concerned. The employees are more empowered with the chance to improve their production, implement their ideas, creativity and have more responsibility. The company has showed concern for the worker’s well-being, respect for their jobs and contributions to the company. That type of leadership gives the employees confidence in their leaders and their jobs. The entire over-haul of the company has predominately been concerned with OB. Corporate culture begins with OB. You cannot change a company for the better without taking into account the people who work at all levels for the company is not going to be effective on any level. GM has been recovering from its financial difficulties and these changes have had a major part in it. It has been showing consistent growth and profit for the last year. It has also been making it’s payments for the financial bail-out. I believe they are the only company who has done so. On top of that they have been running ads telling the people of America thank you and acknowledging their employees for their efforts at improving GM.
Tuesday, October 22, 2019
Permian Mass Extinction essays
Permian Mass Extinction essays A mass extinction about 250 million years ago, which destroyed almost of the species on Earth, happened very quickly and it is demonstrated in the fossil record by the collapse of one-celled organisms called protests. Something suddenly killed off more than 90 %of all species on earth, and that led to the age of the dinosaurs. Evidence indicates the massive die-off was linked with an abrupt drop in productivity, the rate at which inorganic carbon is turned into organic carbon through processes such as photosynthesis. Terrestrial faunal diversification occurred in the Permian and 90-95% of marine species became extinct. Among terrestrial fauna affected included insects, amphibians, reptiles and mammal-like reptiles. The terrestrial flora was predominately composed of gymnosperms, including conifers. Life in the sea consisted of common groups of brachiopods, bony fish, sharks and fuslinid. Corals and trilobites were also present, but were exceedingly rare. During the Permian period all the worlds land masses joined together into a single super continent named Pangaea. The collision between Laurasia and Siberia-Kazakhstania and China finalized and assembled into Pangaea by the end of Permian. This was the first time since the late Protrusion super continent of Rodina that such a landmass had formed. Pangea was shaped sort of like a giant pacman with the mouth on the east. There was a corresponding large single ocean, called Pathalassa. The body of water enclosed by the pacman mouth constituted a smaller area, the Tethys, which covered much of what is now southern and central Europe. Throughout the Permian, Europe was covered by a very salty inland sea, the Zechstein Sea, which advanced and receded at least twice. This was home to an impoverished fauna, mainly brachiopods and bivalves, which were able to cope with the hyper saline conditions. ...
Monday, October 21, 2019
Globalisation essay part 2
Globalisation essay part 2 Globalisation essay part 2 Globalisation essay part 2 Globalisation  essay part 1In addition, the economic cooperation is the most advanced between well-developed nations. For instance, the EU emerged as the economic union of western European countries which were and still are the major European economies. The economic cooperation between developed nations leaves developing nations outsiders in the global economic development process.However, even in well-developed nations, globalisations has failed to eliminate the socioeconomic disparity and the problem of poverty in developed countries persists, especially this problem aggravates after economic crises as was the case of the US economic recession that was followed up by the global financial crisis of 2008. Many researchers (Bhagwati, 2004) argue that globalisation increases the risk of the widening disparity between the rich and the poor because the accumulation of capital leads to the enrichment of the rich, while the poor remains in the inferior position. In fact, globalisation is beneficial for businesses and large corporations but not for employees. More important, in case of employees, globalisation has a destructive impact on them and leads to their pauperisation because companies based in developed countries tend to outsource many services and move productions to developing countries, where the labour force is cheaper. As a result, employees from developed countries remain jobless.Effects of globalisation on developing nationsDeveloping countries face the dubious effects associated with the development of globalisation. On the one hand, globalisation stimulates their economic development due to the elimination of fiscal barriers that opens the way for their products to supply to the global market (Weiler, 2002).On the other hand, developing countries face the problem of their inability to compete with developed ones to compete in terms of technology and diversity of production. The problem is that companies operating i n developing countries are often technologically dependent on companies based in developed countries. As a result, they cannot outpace and challenge the position of companies based in developed countries in high tech industries.In addition, developing countries are predominantly mono-industrial countries, i.e. they have only one main industry which is well-developed and produces the lion share of the national GDP. For instance, Nigerian economy depends consistently on the oil export with other industries being underdeveloped in the country.Moreover, globalisation aggravates the current disparity between the rich and the poor nations because developing countries are predominantly suppliers of resources, including human resources, whereas developed countries supply high tech products and services (Khor, 2011). As a result, developing countries turn out to be in a disadvantageous position in a long-run perspective because globalisation facilitates and accelerates their exploitation by more developed nations which consume more resources supplied from developing countries, while developing countries retain their backwardness both technological and economic compared to developed nations, while some researchers (Danaher, 1999) insist that this gap grows wider under the impact of globalisation.The seeming improvement brought by globalisation to employees in developing countries because many companies from developed countries have moved their production to developing countries or outsources many of services they needed. However, such a view on the impact of globalisation on employees in developing countries is also erroneous because the move of production from developed countries to developing ones does not improve conditions of work. On the contrary, often companies recruit employees and pay them minimal wages. Many companies neglect workplace safety requirements and neglect rights of employees. As a result, companies employ children and fail to prevent accidents and casualties in the workplace environment in developing countries.Effects of globalisation on the world as a wholeEconomic problems have become global that means that financial and economic crisis became global. In other words, globalisation makes the world economy more vulnerable to economic crises. In the past, when national governments protected domestic economies by fiscal barriers and when the cooperation between nations was relatively low, the crisis in one country or region affected the one country or region only, while the impact on the world economy was minimal. On the contrary today the economic crisis in one country only may trigger the global economic crisis. Obviously, such interdependence of world economies makes them vulnerable to the high risk of crises, while economic crises become deeper and longer (Gomory, 2002).Furthermore, changes at the local and regional level affect the global economic development. For instance, a war in the Middle East can skyrocket the oil pr ice, while opening the US oil reserves can cause the drop of the oil price globally. The emergence of international organisations, such as the World Trade Organisation and supranational organisations and agreements, such as the EU, or the NAFTA, became the government response to the emergence of economic globalisation.In addition, the increased power and role of multinational corporations raises the problem of the government control over business operations. To put it more precisely, many researchers (Stiglitz, 2013) argue that multinational corporations have become more powerful than national governments (Van der Borght, 2000). In response, governments unite their efforts and policies to keep economic development under control because, today, the government performs the role of the mediator between large corporations and citizens. Otherwise, interests of citizens could be neglected by large corporations that means that large corporations could conduct irresponsible environmental po licies, for instance, while citizens could not protect their communities and environment without the assistance of the government and government agencies.Stiglitz (2012) questions prospects of the new economic order established under globalisation. The researcher believes that globalisation may have a destructive impact on the economic and social development of the world because the growth potential of the global market is still limited, while the elimination of national barriers raises the question of the ability of governments and the public to keep control overlarge multinational corporations and businesses.ConclusionThus, the process of globalisation stimulates the rise of international business activities and may even stimulate the economic growth. However, in a long-run perspective, globalisation has rather negative than positive effect. Globalisation leads to the growing disparity between developed nations and developing ones. The former have accelerated the exploitation of n atural resources and other resources of the latter. Moreover, the social inequality persists even in developed nations, where the rich become richer, while the number of poor increases, especially if an economic crisis strikes.
Sunday, October 20, 2019
Anne Truitt, Sculptor of Minimalist Form and Color
Anne Truitt, Sculptor of Minimalist Form and Color Anne Truitt was an American artist and writer, known for her work as a minimalist sculptor and, to a lesser extent, painter. She is perhaps most widely regarded for Daybook, a volume of the artist’s diaries, reflecting on the life of an artist and mother. Fast Facts: Anne Truitt Occupation: Artist and writerBorn: March 16, 1921 in Baltimore, MarylandDied: December 23, 2004 in Washington, DC, USAKey Accomplishments: Early contributions to minimalist sculpture and the publication of Daybook, which reflected on her life as both artist and mother Early Life Anne Truitt was born Anne Dean in Baltimore in 1921 and grew up in the town of Easton, on the Eastern shore of Maryland. The stark coastal style- rectangles of colored doors against white clapboard facades- influenced her later work as a minimalist. Her family life was comfortable, as her parents were well-to-do (her mother came from a family of Boston ship owners). She lived happily and freely as a child, though she was not unaffected by the poverty of which she caught glimpses in her town. Later in life, she would inherit a modest sum of money from her family, which financed her art practice- though not so much as to keep finances from being a constant worry for the artist. Truitt’s mother, to whom she was very close, died while Truitt was still in her twenties. Her father suffered from alcoholism, and though she pitied him, she wrote that she â€Å"decided†to love him despite his faults. This strength of will is characteristic of the artist and is seen in her staunch determination to continue in her work, even at times when her money dwindled and her pieces did not sell. After her first year at Bryn Mawr College, Truitt came down with a case of appendicitis, which her doctors handled poorly. The result, Truitt was told, was infertility. Though this prognosis ultimately proved to be false, and Truitt was able to have three children later in life, she attributes her career as an artist to this temporary sterility, largely because her focus was on her art at the time in her life when most women were expected to raise children. Early Career in Medicine After returning to Bryn Mawr to finish her undergraduate degree, Truitt decided to begin a career in psychiatric medicine. She felt a duty to help those who struggled in their lives. Though she was admitted to Yale to begin a Master’s in psychology, she turned down her scholarship and instead began work as a researcher at the Massachusetts General Hospital. Already successful by the age of twenty-four, Truitt had a revelation one afternoon and immediately quit her position. She turned her back on a career in medicine, recounting later that something within her knew she had to be an artist. An Artist's Calling Anne married James Truitt, a journalist, in 1948. The two traveled often, following James work. While living in Cambridge, Massachusetts, Truitt began to take art classes, and excelled in sculpture. When the couple moved to Washington, D.C., Truitt continued her art practice by enrolling in classes at the Institute of Contemporary Art. On a trip to New York in 1961 with her good friend Mary Meyer, Truitt visited the â€Å"American Abstractionists and Imagists†show at the Guggenheim. The experience would ultimately change her career. As she was rounding one of the museum’s famed curved ramps, she came upon a Barnett Newman â€Å"zip†painting and was stunned by its size. â€Å"I had never realized you could do that in art. Have enough space. Enough color, she later wrote. The visit to New York marked a change in her practice, as she transitioned into sculpture which relied on pared-down painted wooden surfaces to convey their subtle impact. The family moved to Japan in 1964, where they stayed for 3 years. Truitt never felt comfortable in Japan, and ended up destroying all her work from this period. Anne Truitts column sculptures.  annetruitt.org The Truitts divorced in 1969. After the divorce, Truitt lived in Washington, D.C. for the remainder of her life. Her separation from the art world of New York perhaps accounts for her lack of critical acclaim compared to her minimalist contemporaries, but that is not to say she existed outside of New York completely. She befriended artist Kenneth Noland and later took over his studio near Dupont Circle when he moved to New York. Through Noland, Truitt was introduced to Andrà © Emmerich, Noland’s New York gallerist, who eventually became Truitt’s gallerist. Work Truitt is known for her stark minimalist sculptures set directly on the floor of the gallery space, which mimic in verticality and proportion the shape of a human body. Unlike many of her fellow minimalist artists like Walter de Maria and Robert Morris, she did not shy away from color, but in fact made it the central point of interest in her work. The subtlety of color is applied precisely to the sculptures, often painstakingly and in as many as forty layers. Truitt was also notable in her studio practice, as she sanded, prepped, and painted each of her works without the help of a studio assistant. The structures themselves she sent out to a lumber yard close to her home to be made to her specifications. Daybook and Diaries Following retrospectives at the Whitney Museum of American Art in New York in 1973 and the Corcoran Museum of Art in Washington, D.C. in 1974, Truitt began to write a diary, seeking to make sense of the increased publicity her previously quietly shown art began to receive. How was she to understand herself as an artist now that her work was consumed and criticized by so many eyes other than her own? The result was Daybook, later published in 1982, which begins as an exploration of this newfound critical regard for her work, but ends up being an exploration of an artist’s day-to-day, as she struggles to find the money to continue her practice, all the while supporting her children. Due to Daybook’s critical success, Truitt would publish two more volumes of diaries. The language of the diaries is often poetic with frequent forays into Truitt’s past. Though she gave up a career in psychology, it is clearly still present in her thinking, as her analysis of her life and career relies heavily on the interpretation of her psychological motivations and the impact of her youth on her personality. Legacy Anne Truitt died in Washington, D.C. in 2004 at the age of 83. She was honored posthumously by the Hirshhorn Museum and Sculpture Garden in Washington in 2009 with a major retrospective. Her estate is managed by her daughter Alexandra Truitt, and her work is represented by Matthew Marks Gallery in New York City. Sources Munro, E. (2000). Originals: American Women Artists. New York: Da Capo Press.Truitt, A. (1982). Daybook. New York, Scribner.
Saturday, October 19, 2019
When the Longtime Star Fades Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 250 words
When the Longtime Star Fades - Essay Example The company should not let Bob leave just because he is not conversant with modern technologies used in the music industry. Bob is a living legend and loved by all players within the entertainment industry. Additionally, Bob works very hard and is very dedicated to his work (Guterman, 2010). His years of service and simplicity have made him famous. Throughout the years, Bob’s hard work paid off when he becomes the senior manager in the organization. Noel’s arguments for letting Bob go are superficial and lack support. In this regard, Noel should first put into consideration other alternatives that can push Bob to learn about the transformations introduced into the entertainment industry. Also, Noel should appreciate Bob’s talents and personality. Noel may consider introducing compulsory management training within the organization where Bob will learn about the latest trends in the entertainment industry. Alternatively, Noel may also consider pairing Bob with other salespersons who are conversant with new technologies and evaluating their group performance before making the
Friday, October 18, 2019
Case Study - Veterans preference Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 750 words
Case Study - Veterans preference - Essay Example ollowing the Veterans Employment Opportunities Act of 1998 will be addressed as well with emphasis on its fiscal sustainability; additionally the civil issues involved will be addressed. (U.S. Office of Personnel Management, 2000 p 3) The United States Office of Personnel Management which has control over the hiring procedures of the entire United States Federal employment roster has sought to promote additional benefits for veterans through various legislative approaches as well as the use of studies. One report by the U.S. Office of Personnel Management showed that, â€Å"the percentage of veterans in the workforce represented by agencies in our sample ranged from a low of 8.4 percent to a high of 47 percent†¦Agencies with a low percentage were specifically clerical or science related while those with a high percentage were Department of Defense related.†(U.S. Office of Personnel Management, 2000 p 4) In another paper the case Massachusetts v. Feeney brought the challenge that it is unfair to others who may be better qualified than the veterans as a result of the use of the absolute point preference system which will always place a potentially low scoring veteran above a better scoring civilian candidate. â€Å"The lower court had found that the veterans’ preference served worthy and legitimate purposes†¦it had not been enacted specifically to discriminate against women.†(Browne, 1980 p 1118) The idea that was brought forth by the plaintiff in this case was that the congressional act allowing absolute preference was unfair to other potentially better qualified candidates. In looking at the approach currently taken by the various government agencies that are hiring regularly there is something to be said for that. In fact in many cases candidates with specific job experience and additional education are being turned down for less qualified veterans which while being the law currently, may not be an effective strategy in employment and would not work well
The Stranger - Orson Welles Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 750 words
The Stranger - Orson Welles - Essay Example Classic film noir was developed during and after World War II, taking advantage of the post-war ambience of anxiety, pessimism, and suspicion (Film Noir). The plot of the film follows the pattern usually set for the noir type, that is, the presence of a disillusioned male character and a femme fatale who leads him to his eventual destruction. The lead character is Franz Kindler, played by Welles, who is a Nazi organizer and leader who is supposedly the brains behind the Nazi torture camps. Kindler has gone incognito in a quiet town in New England, and is now a professor at the university. He has also changed his name to Charles Rankin, and nobody knows about his dark past. To make this disguise more legitimate, he has agreed to wed Mary, the daughter of the town’s Supreme Court justice. Unfortunately Wilson knows that Rankin/Kindler is in hiding, so they allow Meinike, Rankin/Kindler’s subordinate, to escape from prison to lead the trail towards the latter’s ulti mate capture. Eventually, Rankin/Kindler’s identity is revealed and the chase between Wilson and Rankin/Kindler leads up to the climax at the clock tower where a tragedy gets to be witnessed by the whole town. The classic film noir tone pervades entirety of the movie. Apart from the black-and-white motif of the film, the majority of the scenes being serious, the characters conversing about humorless topics, there is a general atmosphere of gloom and apprehension that can be felt while watching the film. The crime and drama genre of the movie, plus the suspenseful scenes while Wilson was chasing Rankin/Kindler, also added to the mounting tension and apprehension on the part of the viewer. And then again, Rankin/Kindler’s link to the Nazis and his being a truly violent man behind that innocent face also increases the anticipation in the film. There, at the back of one’s mind are the questions that lurk: â€Å"How will this film end? How will Rankin kill them? Or will he be the one killed? What will triumph – good or evil?†among others. After all, it was only in the later part of the film that Rankin shows his true personality to his wife Mary when he was surprised that she was still alive after he planned her death at the clock tower. It is worth mentioning that the frequent reference to the clock and time are symbolic of the remaining amount of time that the lead character had, and that his evil ways would soon be over. This is further emphasized by the way that Rankin was pierced on his abdomen by the angel’s statue on the clock tower while it was revolving around its usual path about the clock tower. The implication is that good still prevails. For a 1946 film, it could be said that Welles did a great job with the mise-en-scene for the major part of the film. There were a variety of frames and shots captured, and it could be said that the composition was balanced for most of the sequences. Welles used wide shots, mid -shots, close-up shots, some cut-ins and cutaway shots too. They were mostly of eye-level angle, although there were also some of low level, high level and bird’s eye view camera shots, like the time the angel’s statue fell from the tower. As Steve-O writes in Noir of the Week, â€Å"The editing during the clock sequence is just amazing.†(The Stranger, (1946)) As is typical of classic film noir, the lighting for most of the scenes was good, except for those which were ominous and involved some evil schemes concerning the lead character. Since there
Thursday, October 17, 2019
The audit framework Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 3000 words
The audit framework - Essay Example More focus upon ensuring the independence of the auditors is made. Limitations and restrictions upon the non-audit services provided by the auditors shall remove much of the threat to the independence of the auditors along with the alterations in the mandatory audit rotation. Making it more dynamic and competitive makes the audit market in the European Union much efficient. Encouraging joint audits shall be able to overcome the dominance of the big fours in the market and thus shall increase the competition in the market. The harmonization of the audit standards in the European Union shall be expanding the audit market in the European Union. With the enhanced supervision of the audit sector and much reforms made in the audit sector it shall be affecting various stakeholders and its impact along with the difficulties are elaborated. The long awaited audit reforms have been completed by the EU however now awaits their practical implication it would reveal their impact over the companies. Audit reforms are move that come after the financial crisis that corporates have faced and proximity seen in the relation of the auditors to their clients. Reforms are not only the challenge for the audit firms but also for the companies, they would be required to adapt to new regulations. Some of the factors that would deeply affect companies that undergo are discussed as follow: Even changing of engagement partner was considered auditor rotation however changed reforms require change in audit firm maximum after 24 years including extension period. Companies would have to be more vigilant in their choice of auditor as relationship would be of limited period (more than previous 3 years) and non-audit services would be restricted. Changing of auditors before 10 years would not be appreciated; reforms do not aim to increase the competition in the audit market thus the replacement during first
Marketing Principles and Practice Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 2250 words
Marketing Principles and Practice - Essay Example According to the study of consumers’ buying behaviour, the fundamental influences are generally focused on certain basic aspects including Cultural, Social, Personal and Psychological factors of a buyer on their purchase decision. However, from the perspective of postgraduate students’ buying decisions, it has been observed that there is a significant variance in terms of buying decisions regarding fashion products within this customer segment. Hence, the buying decisions of the postgraduate students have significantly modernized or evolved accordingly to the modern situational influences such as, influence of peers, social media, benefits of advanced electronic shopping methods and influence of recent trends among others. The modern organisations are significantly conscious regarding the desires of the college or post-graduate student segment. In general, there is a positive attitude which has been observed in the postgraduate students with regard to their purchasing or acquiring of fashion products and advanced services. The customers in that specific segment have more favourable attitudes on buying high-end fashion products. The postgraduate students form a positive or indifferent attitude concerning purchase of fashionable products in keeping with their previous buying experience. Moreover, beliefs regarding the benefits of buying fashionable products generally facilitate to derive an encouraging influence on postgraduate students’ attitudes towards purchasing fashion products. ... onal influences such as, influence of peers, social media, benefits of advanced electronic shopping methods and influence of recent trends among others. The modern organisations are significantly conscious regarding the desires of the college or post-graduate student segment. This segment highly involves in acquiring the products according to their attitude and beliefs (Wang & Xiao, 2009). In general, there is a positive attitude which has been observed in the postgraduate students with regard to their purchasing or acquiring of fashion products and advanced services. The customers in that specific segment have more favourable attitudes on buying high-end fashion products. The postgraduate students form a positive or indifferent attitude concerning purchase of fashionable products in keeping with their previous buying experience. Moreover, beliefs regarding the benefits of buying fashionable products generally facilitate to derive an encouraging influence on postgraduate studentsâ₠¬â„¢ attitudes towards purchasing fashion products. However, the risk of being out of fashion by purchasing products that might not be suitable according to the present trend is a negative influence on postgraduate students. Although in terms of purchasing fashion products personal needs as well as preferences play a dominating role, the various ethical issues that might be negatively associated with a company can create pessimistic influence towards purchasing of that fashion company’s products by postgraduate student segment of customers (Lee, 2009). Buying Behaviour and Influences The buying decision of the postgraduate students is highly focused towards focusing on recent trends along with maintaining attitudinal involvement with the products they acquire. Moreover, there are several major
Wednesday, October 16, 2019
The audit framework Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 3000 words
The audit framework - Essay Example More focus upon ensuring the independence of the auditors is made. Limitations and restrictions upon the non-audit services provided by the auditors shall remove much of the threat to the independence of the auditors along with the alterations in the mandatory audit rotation. Making it more dynamic and competitive makes the audit market in the European Union much efficient. Encouraging joint audits shall be able to overcome the dominance of the big fours in the market and thus shall increase the competition in the market. The harmonization of the audit standards in the European Union shall be expanding the audit market in the European Union. With the enhanced supervision of the audit sector and much reforms made in the audit sector it shall be affecting various stakeholders and its impact along with the difficulties are elaborated. The long awaited audit reforms have been completed by the EU however now awaits their practical implication it would reveal their impact over the companies. Audit reforms are move that come after the financial crisis that corporates have faced and proximity seen in the relation of the auditors to their clients. Reforms are not only the challenge for the audit firms but also for the companies, they would be required to adapt to new regulations. Some of the factors that would deeply affect companies that undergo are discussed as follow: Even changing of engagement partner was considered auditor rotation however changed reforms require change in audit firm maximum after 24 years including extension period. Companies would have to be more vigilant in their choice of auditor as relationship would be of limited period (more than previous 3 years) and non-audit services would be restricted. Changing of auditors before 10 years would not be appreciated; reforms do not aim to increase the competition in the audit market thus the replacement during first
Tuesday, October 15, 2019
London School Business & Finance Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words
London School Business & Finance - Essay Example As the report discusses internet marketing is an effort that helps to facilitate overall marketing concept by using different internet portals as well as various electronic medium. Global context that are associated with digital improvement is an identical objective that is evident within every marketing practices and assist in enlarging the value that is associated with the overall advertising technique that is provided using electronic media.This essay stresses that in the current complex social domain, it is identifiable that the organisations that are trying to develop its competitive advantage need to maintain a string digital presence. In order to maintain the competitive advantage within the current complex business internet marketing has emerged to be a concept that helps in engaging overall business artillery using large web mediums. Internet marketing is identified to be a process of marketing as well promoting events that are conducted using the Web, email along with other mediums that helps in fulfilling the needs of internet marketing. Various elements including social media, website, blog, networking, and attractive public interfaces enhances the ability of the internet .Social media is identified to be having certain involvement to increase the overall business campaign virtually. Now a day’s people highly prefer to conduct online activities and sharing information with the use of digital media.
Background of the study Essay Example for Free
Background of the study Essay Suicide is a complex issue that eludes explanation. Theories, studies and researches have been made in order to answer the many questions regarding the nature of suicide and the underlying causes why so many people commit, or even attempt, suicide: confusion, disappointment, heroic glorification, sympathy, anger, moral or religious condemnation (Cholbi, 2006). What causes a person to commit or even think of suicide? What makes a person’s behavior suicidal (Cholbi, 2006)? Is it even rational to commit suicide? During the time of Plato, philosophers argue about the rationality of suicide. Socrates, in Plato’s work Phaedo, argued that suicide is always disgraceful because one attempts to release himself from a â€Å"guard-post†which the gods placed upon him. Plato stressed that although suicide is wrong, there are some exceptions that can be regarded as a justification of suicide. The Stoics, in contrast with these theories, argued that suicide is justifiable when flourishing life is no longer available to the person (Cholbi, 2006). It was the advent of institutional Christianity the brought about the notion that suicide is morally wrong. St. Augustine argued that it is disobedience of the fifth commandment â€Å"Thou shalt not kill†. Even the Renaissance philosophers and Protestants agree to this notion about suicide. However, Protestants believed that it is possible that God treats suicide permissible and that he allows repentance. This notion prevailed into the late seventeenth century. Even John Locke believes that suicide is wrong, that God provide us with the liberty to think for ourselves but that liberty does not include the liberty to destroy ourselves (Locke 1690). The Enlightenment thinkers brought about the examination of suicide through science and psychology. They held out that suicide results from facts about individuals, their psychologies, and the social settings in which they belong to. The nineteenth and early twentieth century brought about modern developments about theories on suicide. Some romanticized these theories by defining suicide as â€Å"the inevitable response of a misunderstood and anguished soul jilted by love or shunned by society†(Liebermann 2003). Some attempted to study suicide through psychiatry. Others, and perhaps the most prevalent perspective today, view suicide as a social illness reflecting isolation, anomie and other attitudinal byproducts of modernity (Cholbi, 2006). This latter development led to a wave of institutionalization of suicidal persons (Cholbi, 2006). Today, suicide is a growing national concern. Suicide is a major cause of public health problem. More and more people die each day because of suicide. In fact, it is estimated that about 1 million people worldwide die each year from suicide (Torpy, 2005). In 2004, a total of 32,439 died by suicide in the United States while an estimate of 811,000 suicide attempts are made each year. An average of 1 person every 16. 2 minutes killed themselves. Suicide ranks as the eleventh leading cause of death in the United States as compared to homicide which ranks as fifteenth only (Macintosh, 2006). These rates may be higher since some suicide deaths may not be recorded like motor vehicle accidents that may result from suicide by the driver or deaths where the cause cannot be determined if it is suicide or murder. Among the races in the United States, from 1994-1998 Native Americans have the highest suicide rate with 12. 71 per 100,000 population followed closely by whites with 12. 61 and then African Americans with 6. 4. However, in 2004, statistics show that whites have the highest suicide rata with 24. 7 followed by the Native American with 12. 9. Males have higher risk of suicide than females. From 1994-1998, suicide rates among males were four to six times higher than females. In 2004, males still have higher suicide rates with 17. 7 than females with 4. 6. However, females have higher suicide attempt rates than males. It is estimated that three females for every one male attempt suicide each year. It is reported that suicide risk tends to increase with age. Older persons aged 65 and above have higher risk of suicide since they have a higher incidence of depression and have greater use of lethal weapons. However, suicide among adolescents is a major cause of death. It is, in fact, the third leading cause of death among people between the ages of 15 and 24 (cite). Out of the 32,439 suicide cases in the US in 2004, 4,316 were aged between 15 and 24. An average of 1 young person every 2 hours and 2. 1 minutes killed himself (Macintosh, 2006). Experts say that for every teenager that dies of suicide, ten other teenagers attempt to commit suicide. In a survey done by the National Youth Prevention Resource Center, it was found that about one in five teenagers have thought of suicide, about one in six made plans to commit suicide, and more than one in twelve attempted suicide. Because of the alarming cases of suicide, suicide prevention is made a bureaucratic and medical occupation. Many studies were conducted to understand the underlying causes of suicide and suicidal behavior in order to determine appropriate solutions to prevent suicide cases and attempts. The suicide problem is complex ranging from psychological to social and even religious factors. As mentioned previously, studying suicide through psychology helps determine the relationship between suicide and the state and characteristics of the human mind and behavior. Through psychology, reasons why certain groups such as adolescents and young adults have higher suicide potential than others can be understood. Adolescence is considered as a crucial stage because it is the time a person experiences a lot of changes, where abstract thinking, law of morality, and ideology are developed (Christie Viner, 2005). During this stage, the adolescent is starting to develop acceptance ideas and reactions to situations. Because of this, they are easily influenced making them vulnerable to disappointing situations that may result to depression and consequently, suicide. According to Bennet (1994), adolescents and young adults with history of depression, a previous suicide attempt, a family history of psychiatric disorders, family disruption, and certain chronic or debilitating physical disorders or psychiatric illness are at higher risk of committing or attempting suicide. Among these factors, depression was found out to be the most common clinical syndrome of suicidal behavior (Petrie Chamberlain, 1983)and approximately 66 percent of those who attempted suicide have depressive symptoms (Rich, Sherman, Fowler, 1990). Psychological pains are commonly caused by sociological factors such as exposure to suicide or suicide attempts, relationships, and interactions among the member of the society and may increase the potential of having suicidal behaviors thus psychology and sociology are interrelated disciplines when it comes to determining the causes of suicide. Sociology encompasses several issues such as culture, media, peer, family, demographics, ethnicity, and socioeconomics that may influence the behavior and thinking of adolescents and young adults. Adolescents are part of the society and the interactions occurring into it such as friendship. Friends and peers are parts of the social network and is one of the central contexts for adolescents (Bearman Moody, 2004). Adolescents who are still at the stage of finding their identity needed strong association and belonging and that isolation from peers leads to lower estimations of self-worth and self confidence (Tani, Chavez, Deffenbacher, 2001). Media is also a strong influence on adolescents and young adults. Young people are very much exposed to popular media such as television, radio, movies, Internet, and reading materials. Since they are at the stage where they are easily influenced, they tend to copy the values and actions depicted by what they see in the media. Religious beliefs and practices influence the behavior and thinking of most people including the young adults. Religion is considered as a significant part of peoples way of living, resulting to various beliefs about issues. It is perceived that the more a person is religiously committed; he is more likely to avoid suicide since suicide is considered to be a mortal sin for most religions. Kendler et. al. (2003) found that some dimensions of religiosity are related to reduced risk of particular psychiatric disorders. Malone et. al.(2000) also suggests that religion can provide reasons for living. This allows people experiencing depressive episodes to be more optimistic about life, reducing the feeling of hopelessness and thus reducing the risk of committing suicide. Dervic et. al. (2004) supports this notion by suggesting that religious affiliation is associated with less suicidal behavior in depressed patients and that religiously affiliated subjects may function as protective factors against suicide attempts (p. 2303). Thus, religion is a major factor that can impact a person’s suicidal behavior. Researches have been made regarding the psychological, sociological and religious aspects of suicide. However, there is a lack of research connecting these three aspects. Thus, the purpose of this study is to examine suicide through linking psychological, sociological and religious perspectives on suicide. First, earlier research studies relating to each discipline will be examined. Then each discipline will be compared to the other two. Studying suicide through an interdisciplinary approach will help in giving a wider perspective and understanding about the underlying causes of suicide. It will also help in determining appropriate solutions in order to prevent suicide and to help those who have already attempted suicide. Possible solutions that might be determined will not just help suicidal persons psychologically but in all aspects as well, that is, mentally, physically and spiritually. The study is limited to the data and studies made by earlier researchers about adolescent suicide. The scope of the study is broad and attempts to address important issues and developments from each discipline based on earlier researches.
Monday, October 14, 2019
The Woman Who Watches Over The World English Literature Essay
The Woman Who Watches Over The World English Literature Essay Linda Hogan is a Chickasaw meaning she belongs to a group of Native Americans who migrated in to east of Mississippi river, Oklahoma. She is a poet and a novelist writer and has contributed much in this field. In her book, The Woman Who Watches over the World: a Native Memoir, she brings about different themes some of which are associated with her difficult past and those of her people painful history. She assumes the position of a Clay Woman named The woman who watches over the world, and uses her to view the worlds problem and that of her tribe in that perspective. The title is derived from a sculpture figure made of clay which she bought and which became broken on the way to being delivered to her. It is from the figure that she realizes the comparison to human beings life which gets hurt; just as it is with her personal life. From the many fragments in this anecdote, we can piece them together to see the whole history and current status of the Native Americans have undergone. History, survival and healing are the major themes in this book. The book is a journey from childhood to adulthood and the various problems one encounters. Healing is supposed to be understood from the power derived from words and also the natural healing. The history of physical and emotional suffering she inherited from her people contributes to the way she reacts in life. The Natives Americans are presented with their many problems and are reflected on Hogans hard and painful life. The Native Americans or the American Indians had a traumatizing history. They were deeply religious and most of their beliefs were connected with nature. Land, water and animals became to them a symbol of gods gift to mankind. This made it possible for them to practice collective ownership especially of land. Their relocation from their land in 1837 was met with caution since they had to pay allegiance to the USA government. Despite their effort to keep their ancestral land they nevertheless got evicted and trading posts established in their land. The tribal leaders were forced to sell the land and move away to Indian territories. In the new Oklahoma area, where they finally got relocated, the adaptation was not easy bearing in mind that they had to struggle to get food. By the turn of 19th century, the United States government foresaw the dissolution of the Natives tribal government and a division of their land. Missionaries were established which were taxed with the job of educating the Indians in the American way. Ironically, such an education proved worthless because the girls returned to their world afterwards. Poverty and lack of important physical amenities was the order of the day. The Chickasaws had endured such a life for many decades and it is this life that Hogan addresses. She wants to stress the important aspect of healing from the past so that the people can move forward. Hogan was born in German and grew up under her father who was a sergeant in the American army and a neurotic mother. Her earlier life saw her move to many places and eventually ended up in Oklahoma. Hogan relationship with her mother was depressing and mostly neglectful in nature. She never experienced love and this fact left her to seek it from other sources. Although, her mother did her duties like any other mother, Hogan asserts that she could not love. The rest of her life is spent in pursuit of love so as to heal her wounds she experienced when young. As a young child, she was susceptible to diseases and infection common to young children. In addition, clinical depression and poor mental health would lead her to alcoholism in later life to an extent of committing suicide. These physical and mental ailments caused her much trauma and she was to live with it in to adulthood. Her mother rarely provided details about her childhood life but remained silent perhaps in line with her ancestors to bury the painful past. To heal from this trauma she was to adopt two daughters and who had similarly undergone a difficult life as her own, in order to connect with that experience. At only the age of 12 years, she became involved romantically to a man twice her age and they stayed as married. They would later part with Robert and she in turn move from Germany to the USA. This episode hurts her so much that she reminisces it as having been a child but responsible for an adult. Hogan yearned to heal from the trauma she faced of being in school yet married at a young age. The gap she felt would later lead to her adopting two daughters in order to fill the love void she dearly missed. Both daughters, Jeannette and Marie, also had their own share of hard life, but Hogan felt that love could heal almost anything in this world. Despite her trying to live with the adopted daughters, it proved very difficult for them to heal completely to an extent where Marie denied her own children. We observe that Hogan tried to heal from her loveless childhood by playing motherhood to these two adopted daughters. The silence she experienced about her past could now be replaced by a history of her daughters which she knows. Luckily enough, they have a terrible past just like her own and it helps to connect with her lost past. Both daughters are then a reflection of a past and a future for the Natives especially Jeannette who heals to become a purposeful mother. Hogan on the other hand contracted a horrible disease called fibromyalgia. The disease caused her much trouble leaving her weak and unable to sleep. The desire to sleep and dream about emotional healing was too affected. She sought a physical healing which initially became elusive and later even though medicine helped, she never became what she was originally. This was the time she lost faith in medicine world when she reckoned that money was being used in search of a cure yet none came her way. Waiting and hoping was all that was left for her. Through medicine which is extracted from nature in terms of plants and naturally occurring substances dug from the earth, she later in life received her treatment from physical ailments. A horse named Mystery became to her a close companion. Hogan was able to draw parallel in the horses life and hers. Mystery dies in the process of giving birth that was characterized by pain. She likens this pain to her experiences in life and the yearning to heal from it. Another relationship with a horse, the Big Red Horse, also leads to fate as she falls while trying to ride. She suffered numerous injuries leading her to experience short term memory loss. Hogan attempts self healing by indulging in a number of hobbies. She embarks on horse breeding, because in it she finds joy and contentment but it becomes tragic to her. Both of these two occurrences fueled the pain in her life in as much as the desire to heal was multiplied. Hogan was addicted to alcohol when she was young. The addiction came about as she experimented to find a solution to her troubles. In the search for her self, she ends up drinking in order to forget her woes and sleep. The pain and confusion she felt would so many times lead to drinking so as to drown them. History and the ability to remember the past is a disease. Our ancestors underwent much trouble which after we learn it becomes a burden too hard to bear. It is under such an illusion that Hogan just like many Native Americans sought drink to escape the memories from the past and present. As she says falling was the answer to a broken heart, as a reference to the attitude she had towards alcohol. She eventually conquers drinking once she became an adult albeit this leaves a scar in her life. It is by extending love to other humans and animals where she finds a healing. Under all the above traumas, she stood hard to see the healing take place. Hogan just like her ancestors found solace in nature and the environment. Of her doctors she says, à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¦they became earth, water, light, and air. They were animals, plants, and kindred spirits. It was not healing I found or a life free from pain, but a kind of love and kinship with a similarly broken world. The sickness and suffering she felt can also be identified with the Native Americans fight for their survival. Such thoughts also reflect nature which if left alone tends to heal by itself. To be what she is, Hogan had to get changed by pain and events and diseases and she did it with courage and honesty which are vital values in the world today. Personal survival depends on history and by examining hardships undergone so as to find power to refresh ones spirit. Nature also plays a role in this healing by providing elements that can be used to cure a disease for example. Hogan is able to overcome and find strength over the many obstacles that stood her way in the course of self-actualization. An interesting parallel is drawn in relation to different natural elements like woman to land and bird to water. Love is the connecting element since each needs the existence of the other in order to survive. In conclusion, Hogan lays down the many problems faced by people not only in America but in every part of the world. Each people and nation has a history that was faced by problems such as land and identity. Some have even become extinct if their war to survive got worse. In all these stories, it is important to learn from their duel and get insight which in turn should be applied in our day to day lives. Problems are inevitable and it is the way we appreciate and deal with them that counts. Healing as a process should be core in life, whether personally or as a society. If people look for solutions they will always find a way to overcome their pain.
Sunday, October 13, 2019
The Real World or the Fake World :: Literature Science Fiction Books Papers
The Real World or the Fake World Real World or Fake World? Science Fiction not only deals with science in todays world, but also with science in the future. In the futuristic novel Snow Crash, by Neal Stevenson, and in the movie The Matrix computers become a huge part of the future society. Even though technology advances so much in futuristic societies, these futuristic societies still share some of the same aspects of todays world. Snow Crash and The Matrix express what life in the future might become. Both the novel and the movie have similarities and differences. Snow Crash is a novel dealing with the near future. Even though the characters live on the west coast of the Americas, the whole world has been destroyed by humans. In this book the main characters and any other human are able to freely choose between two worlds. The Matrix also takes place in the future. The Matrix is a futuristic time when the world has become dark and gloomy from the result of machines that were built by humans taking over and controlling their creators. Already there are similarities between these two works. Slowly the humans destroy their own civilizations over time in one way or the other. One aspect the future holds in these works is the idea of having two different worlds. In the film the two different worlds are the realistic world in which machines use humans as energy sources, and the matrix. In the matrix humans are unaware they are in a fake world unless they are freed and detached from the system which controls them. Until they are detached or if they are never detached, humans have no idea of what the real world is. In the novel the characters are totally aware when they go into the fake world which is referred to in the novel as the metaverse. In the novel the real world is so destroyed that the metaverse is a way for society to get away from it and be who they want to be instead of who they are. Humans are able to choose who their avatar, or what their character is, in the metaverse. They are free to be who they want to be with only a few limitations. For example, they are not allowed to be any size they want to be because if they decided to be a large avatar there would be a metaverse filled with giants overwhelming the other avatars.
Saturday, October 12, 2019
How Does Robert Louis Stevenson use literary techniques to illustrate E
How Does Robert Louis Stevenson use literary techniques to illustrate the social, historical and moral points he is trying to make in Dr Jekyll and Mr Hyde? Throughout the Novella, ‘Dr Jekyll and Mr Hyde’, the author Robert Louis Stevenson uses a wide range of literary techniques in a skilful and sophisticated way to help achieve his effects and put his points across. Stevenson’s unique use of language is vital to the success of the Novella, with the structural and linguistic devices playing a vital part in creating the unusual atmosphere, which makes the Novella so successful. Dr Jekyll and Mr Hyde centres upon a conception of humanity as dual in nature, although the theme does not emerge fully until the last chapter, when the complete story of Jekyll – Hyde relationship is revealed. Robert Louis Stevenson had a very strict moral upbringing living in the nineteenth century, where class and social standing were very important in such a rigid system. The fact that he had such a religious background perhaps creates a link between the main moral point of good and evil and his disciplined religious upbringing, the bible teaching the importance of good and evil, and the seven deadly sins. He uses a variety of techniques to put across his views across on many social, historical and moral points. Throughout the novella the author gives the readers an insight into the morality of human nature by using different characters to represent the double standards of society in the Victorian era. The different language used for each of the main characters in the book is used to emphasise the character and their role in the Novella. Utterson, the lawyer, is described in the opening sentence of the book ‘cold, scanty, a... ...t that Stevenson had such a religious background perhaps creates a link between the main moral point of good and evil and his disciplined religious upbringing. This may have influenced him in his writing, (the bible teaching the importance of good and evil, and the seven deadly sins). The Gothic horror has been compared particularly to the detective fiction of Sherlock Holmes, with both works being written in the same period of the Victorian era. It is a testimony to Stevenson’s inventiveness as a writer that this novella has had this independent existence over a hundred years after the first book was published. Because of the uniqueness of the novella and the fact that such a wide range of literary techniques have been used, it is no surprise that, ‘the strange case of Dr Jekyll and Mr Hyde’, is one of the most famous works of horror fiction of all time.
Friday, October 11, 2019
Development of the Technology (Tank) From WWI through the Employment in WWII
A tank is a trail armored combat vehicle created to employ enemies face-to-face, via straight fire from a large caliber-gun and supporting fire from machine guns. Heavy armor on top a high extent of mobility confer it survival, as the tracks let it to cross even rough land at high speeds. The name tank first came to pass in British factories making the hulls of the first battle tanks: the workmen were given the notion they were making tracked water containers for the British Army, therefore keeping the assembly of a fighting vehicle secret.The process began in World War I. American tank doctrines from the beginning focused on direct support of the infantry. American Expeditionary Forces (AEF) planners paid little attention to futuristic ideas such as those of British Colonel J. F. C. Fuller for a campaign based on fast tanks in deep-penetration roles. With the end of the war, the embryonic Tank Corps was disbanded. Tank units were assigned to the infantry, whose experts increasingly warned against their excessive use as a potential handicap to the rifleman's â€Å"offensive spirit. â€Å"In 1921 the Army possessed about 1,000 copies of the light French Renault FT-17, and 100 or so British Mark VIII heavy tanks assembled at Rock Island Arsenal from parts made for a projected Anglo-American program that died with the Armistice. What the infantry wanted was a light tank of about 6 tons that could be transported on Army trucks and a medium tank of 15 tons, the weight limit of average highway and pontoon bridges. What it got by 1930 were a dozen or so prototypes of various kinds, all too far from meeting branch specifications to be considered for even limited production. Branch rivalry proved less intense than expected.While the cavalry stressed the importance of speed and range, in-house organs such as Infantry Journal published an increasing number of articles emphasizing the potential of tanks for independent missions, as well as in the branch-specific roles of leading and accompanying infantry. There was, however, simply not enough money to pursue separate design tracks of close support and long-range exploitation. Could one vehicle possibly perform both tasks? A potential solution emerged when the fast tank so often discussed in armor circles became reality in the designs of independent inventor J.Walter Christie. The few Christies actually purchased were divided between infantry and cavalry and earned mixed reviews. Their influence was nevertheless perceptible in the M2 light tank and its near sister the M1 combat car. More than 100 of these 7. 5-ton vehicles were acquired in the mid-1930s. The M1 carried only two . 30-caliber machine guns in a rotating turret; the M2 had the same armament in two fixed turrets–a characteristic that promptly earned it the nickname â€Å"Mae West†in honor of the buxom film siren.But the vehicles' reliability made them welcome in the infantry's tank battalions, and the cavalry found its new combat cars an answer to a branch's prayer. In 1932 a mechanized cavalry brigade was authorized for Fort Knox. When the dust raised by advocates of the horse settled, the new force emerged as cavalry yellow through and through. Its missions were defined in traditional cavalry terms: reconnaissance, pursuit and exploitation.Its limited maneuver experience generated little serious discussion of a U. S. counterpart to the Panzerwaffe emerging in Adolph Hitler's Germany. As late as 1938 both infantry and cavalry remained committed to mobility and reliability, rather than armor and armament, as the fundamental desiderata for tank development. Neither the U. S. government nor the U. S. Army had any reason to believe substantial American forces would be deployed overseas in a high-tech, high-risk environment. Should such an expedition be necessary, shipping space would be at a premium, as would maintenance facilities on arrival.Even medium-weight tanks seemed a correspondingly risky in vestment. The same criteria applied in reverse to any possible invasion of the United States. No enemy in the Western Hemisphere had any tanks to speak of. Armored forces deployed from Europe were hardly likely to reach North America in strength. The United States, moreover, had nothing like the production facilities to introduce new tank designs on any scale. The government arsenal at Rock Island, Ill. , had been responsible for building the small numbers of light tanks authorized under various 1930s programs.Rock Island specialized in artillery. It lacked the room for large tank production lines except by converting from another vital need: guns. Instead, the Army proposed to increase its tank inventory by following plans developed in the 1920s–contracting tank construction to heavy engineering firms, locomotive factories and similar institutions with facilities and experience in heavy assembly work. The emerging doctrines of the new armored force combined domestic heritage and evaluation of foreign experience.Tanks were projected for use in masses, by divisions and in entire corps–as instruments of exploitation, as opposed to breakthrough. More important for operational considerations, both the M3 and its designated successor mounted main guns whose armor-piercing capacity ran a distant second to their ability to fire high-explosive shells. That fact reflected armored force doctrine emphasizing the medium tank's supporting mission. Production factors played a role as well. The projected mediums were complex, incorporating a substantial spectrum of new technologies.Firms were receiving contracts despite the fact that few in their work forces or on their technical staffs had even seen a tank, much less knew how to build one. Even a major company like Chrysler had to construct production facilities. The outstanding successes of those novices–Chrysler was able to deliver the first M3s less than a year after submitting its initial bid œwed not a little to the fact that in those early stages of industrial mobilization the best was not allowed to become the enemy of the good.The first Shermans rolled off newly constructed production lines in 1942 at the Lima Locomotive Works, the Pressed Steel Car Company and the Pacific Car and Foundry Company. By 1943 the Baldwin Locomotive Works, the American Locomotive Company and the Pullman Standard Car Company also were contributing to increasingly impressive production totals. The U. S. armored force had, however, another ace in the hole. None of Europe's armies intended to pit tanks against tanks as a matter of course. The favored counter was the antitank gun.High-velocity weapons, usually 37-50mm, with low silhouettes, shields for their crews and motor traction, they were intended to move quickly to threatened points, in company or battalion strength, and knock out tanks as they came into range. Antitank guns were cost-effective compared to tanks–so easy to mass pr oduce and so simple to operate they might well be considered expendable, and often were. The U. S. Army had added an entirely new version of the weapon to its order of battle. In 1940 the War Department accepted the position of General Andrew D.Bruce that attacking tanks were best countered not by mere battalions but by entire groups and brigades of high-velocity guns on self-propelled carriages. Bruce's long-term concept involved putting a modern 3-inch gun on a modified Sherman chassis. To emphasize their mission of seek, strike and destroy, the new units were called tank destroyers, or TDs. They received their own training center and what amounted to status as a separate arm that at peak strength had more than 100 battalions.The Army fielded no fewer than 15 armored divisions and 37 independent tank battalions in northern Europe. By D-Day, however, only a single armored division deployed in the theater had seen any action at all, and then only briefly. Inexperience, inadequate tr aining and problems of sharing experience, particularly among the constantly transferred independent battalions, took precedence over questions of materiel. For infantry support, machine guns were usually the tank's most important weapon, just as they had been in 1918.Armored divisions in the European Theater of Operations (ETO) were usually distributed among Army corps in a ratio of 1-to-2 or 1-to-3 infantry divisions, and in practice would perform much the same roles as their footslogging partners. The Army's new armored field manual, published in January 1944, neither suggested nor implied a need for new tanks in what was clearly a more modest role than originally envisaged. The question was not whether U. S. factories could retool to manufacture either the M6 or the T20. It was whether a changeover, or even an adjustment, represented the best use of material and technical resources.The M4 was not an optimal armored vehicle. The United States' factories could, however, produce it in numbers enough not only for American forces but also for the British, the Free French and, not least, the USSR, whose Lend-Lease Shermans formed a significant element of the Red Army's armored forces for much of the war. Two Shermans could be embarked for one M6–no bagatelle given the massive demands on Allied shipping in 1942 and 1943. The new M18 Hellcat, introduced in late 1943, could make the incredible top speed of 55 miles per hour, but had nearly no protection and carried the same 76mm gun that encumbered the Sherman.It was possible to maneuver, seeking more vulnerable sides and rears. There were enough German tanks in Normandy, however, relative to the space involved to provide higher and more consistent levels of mutual support than had been common in North Africa and Italy. American crew losses mounted, and crew morale declined. Omar Bradley and then Dwight Eisenhower were sufficiently disconcerted that the supreme commander contacted U. S. Army Chief of Staff G eorge Marshall, demanding that tanks and tank destroyers with 90mm guns be made available as soon as possible. The development of a tank with a 90mm gun followed a more tortuous path.The Ordnance Department had recommended as early as May 1943 that pilot models in the T20 series be tested not only with a heavier gun, but with thicker armor and wider treads than either the M4 or the T20 designs. The T20 series had been conceived as a medium tank. In that version, it offered no significant advantages over the Sherman. The 90mm configurations, the T25 and the T26, amounted to introducing a heavy tank through the back door. Weighing more than 45 tons, with 4. 5 inches of frontal armor, on paper at least they bode fair to compete with, if not match, the German Panthers and Tigers.Work on the new design did not receive high priority. Not until May 1944 was the original order of 50 completed. The first M26, chosen over the T25 for its greater reliability, was not standardized until March 1 945. It was not light tanks that were wanted for the close-gripped fighting of the northern Europe campaign. Even during the post-Operation Cobra days of breakout and pursuit in the summer of 1944, the Shermans' maneuverability and high rate of fire were at best stopgaps against German tanks and assault guns whose armor and firepower were ideally suited to the conditions of a fighting withdrawal.To speak of the failure of U. S. tank policy in World War II is nevertheless a crass overstatement, even if failure is defined in the narrow terms of tank versus tank. Interwar and early-war concepts favoring mobility and reliability, regarding tanks as best suited for exploitation rather than breakthrough and incorporating a counter to mass armor attacks, fitted both the United States' military requirements and most of the then-relevant European experience.The Sherman, its light tank stablemates and the tank destroyers supporting them were developed to fit parameters of doctrine and experie nce. They were also manufactured on a scale and at a pace no other power could hope to match. That process took time even once a doctrinal base existed: that is to say when the users had reasonably clear ideas of what they wanted. The Army's history of tank design and production possibilities reflects the strong elements of improvisation in the U. S. war effort.The German and Soviet doctrines and technologies against which American models are so often compared were products of processes begun in 1919. By 1939 the Wehrmacht and the Red Army both had tank inventories in the thousands. U. S. tanks were counted in three figures well after Pearl Harbor. Commanders, crews and tactics had to be introduced by forced draft, in hopes of high learning curves that were by no means always forthcoming. It made corresponding sense to standardize comprehensively, rather than keep tinkering with systems in search of an optimum.Not until early 1943 did American armor doctrine and equipment have even a limited base of direct experience–which by no means pointed in a single direction. Tunisia, Sicily and Italy offered limited opportunities for using armor on a large scale in exploitation roles. Northwest Europe seemed a different proposition. Force-to-space ratios in that theater were expected to allow the Shermans to maneuver as their design intended–if not quite on the scales envisioned in 1940–once the infantry and its supporting arms had broken German resistance.However, even if the Army and its tankers had been generally convinced by mid- 1943 of the absolute necessity to alter not merely priorities but attitudes and doctrines, bigger guns and heavier armor on new chassis were unlikely to have been in unit strength by D-Day in any number. The German Panther offers a useful benchmark. It was developed in response to the obvious challenge of the superb Soviet T-34 medium tank and the heavy Klimenti Voroshilov. It received as clear a priority as was possibl e in the convoluted administrative structure of the Third Reich.Yet it was 18 months before the first Panthers saw action, and another 10 before the tank was considered satisfactory. Even then Panthers continued to suffer serious problems with engines, suspensions and turret mechanisms. The M26, another wartime design, took a bit over a year to reach operational status, and its bugs were being discovered as late as the Korean War. In terms of doctrine, equipment and mentality, the American armored force of World War II was optimized to win and to defeat Operation Barbarossa.Until the war's final 10 months, its shortcomings nevertheless involved acceptable tradeoffs. Even after D-Day, deficiencies in American armor did not involve the kind of crisis the Germans faced in late 1941 on the Russian Front, when they found themselves drastically overmatched in both numbers and quality. Artillery and fighter-bombers, the superior training and improvisational skill of American tankers, and o verwhelming material imbalances in all categories of armored vehicles combined to maintain a pattern of being good enough. No more was needed. No more was done.
Thursday, October 10, 2019
Bio Enzyme Lab
Enzyme Lab Experiments Problem: How can we demonstrate how enzymes work? What happens if we alter the environment of an enzyme? Materials: G;lucose Test StripsTest TubesPipettesRaw HamburgLettucePotato Raw LiverChalkBeakersDairy Lactose TabletWaterSugar Solo Cups Hot PlateKnifeGlovesSkim MilkGlow SticksPeroxide Hypothesis: 1. If we change the environment via temperature the glow stick will Its intensity will change 2. If hydrogen peroxide is added to a certain food liver then It would bubble 3. If a lactaid enzyme to milk the It would separate Procedure (A): 1. Collect three glow sticks. 2. Boil water in 400 mL beaker add 1st glowstick for 30 minutes. 3. Place second glowstick in freezer for 30 minutes 4. Leave third glow stick at room temperature for 30 minutes 5. Observe and record findings. Data Collected (A): Place a glow stick in each environment below. Using a scale 1-3 1 being normal intensity 3 being brightest intensity BeakerObservation Freezer1 Boiling Water3 Room Temperature (control)2 Procedure (B): 1. Collect sample of raw liver, potato, raw hamburg, lettuce and chalk. 2. Place each sample in individual test tube in rack. 3. Observe samples prior to adding peroxide. 4. Add 1 mL of peroxide to each test tube 5. Observe and record findings Data Collected (B): Reaction after hydrogen peroxide is added. Using a scale of 0-5 0 Being no bubbles 5 being the most bubbles Test tubeObservation before adding hydrogen peroxideObservation after adding hydrogen peroxide # 1 liverDark brown in color (expired meat)5 # 2 potatoInner slice with some skin2 # 3 raw hamburgNormal in color4 # 4 lettuceFresh green lettuce1 # 5 chalk Yellow colored chalk0 Procedure (C): Preparation: 1. Enzyme Solution: Add one lactase tablet to 200 ml of water. Stir until the tablet is dissolved. . Skim Milk: This solution contains lactose. 3. Sucrose Solution:Add 5 grams of sugar to 100 ml of water. Stir until the sugar is dissolved. 4. Denatured enzyme Solution: 1. Place 20 ml of enzyme solution into a test tube. 2. Add 200 ml of water to a 400 ml beaker. 3. Place the test tube in the beaker. Make sure it does not spill out. 4. Place the beaker and the test tube on a hot plate. 5. Boil the water for 30 minutes. 6. Let the solution cool to room temperature. Procedure (C-1) 1. Collect 6 mL of skim milk, place 2mL in each test tube (3 test tubes of skim milk). . Collect 4mL of sucrose solution, place 2mL in each test tube (2 test tubes total). 3. Observe and record initial observations. 4. Add 1mL of enzyme solution to a skim milk test tube; add 1mL of water to 2nd skim milk test tube, ad 1mL denatured enzyme solution to 3rd skim milk test tube. 5. Add 1mL of enzyme solution to 1st test tube of sucrose solution; add 1mL of water to 2nd test tube of sucrose solution. 6. Insert Glucose test strip in wch test tube (5 total). Wait 2 minutes. 7. Observe and record whether or not glucose is present and how much. Test tubeInitial ObservationGlucose Test strip: Is glucose present 1. 2 ml of skim milk and 1ml of the enzyme solutionBubbles3000 Glucose 2. 2 ml of skim milk and 1 ml of waterNo bubbles 2 layers300 Glucose 3. 2 ml of skim milk and 1 ml of denatured solutionBubbles and layers 0 Glucose 4. 2 ml of sucrose solution and 1 ml of enzyme solutionClear liquidYellow in color zero glucose 5. 2 ml of sucrose solution and 1 ml of waterClear liquid Yellow in color no glucose What happens when the enzyme is denatured? The Enzyme does not work. Result Questions: 1. In which beaker did the glow stick glow the most? Why do you think that is? The beaker that contained hot water. The heat from the water will speed up the chemical rate of reaction taking place, and therefore will glow brighter; the cold one will have its rate of reaction slowed, and thus be dimmer. 2. What did the glow stick show about enzymes and different environments? How does changing the temperature affect the rate of an enzyme-controlled experiment? The increasing temperature increases molecular motion and may increase the number of times an enzyme contacts and combines with a substrate molecule. Temperature may also influence the shape of the enzyme molecule, making it fit better with the substrate. 3. What effect may change in PH have on an enzyme activity? The three-dimensional structure of a protein leaves certain side chains exposed. These side chains may attract ions from the environment. Under the right conditions, a group of positively charged hydrogen ions may accumulate on certain parts of an enzyme. A change in pH disrupts an enzyme's shape and structure. When the pH changes an enzyme's structure, the enzyme can't do its job. Changes in pH break the delicate bonds that maintain an enzyme's shape. An enzyme will unravel, or denature, and become useless in a different pH. Stomach enzymes work in a super acidic environment of pH 2. A little way down the digestive tract, intestine enzymes need a pH of 8. 4. Why did the hamburger and liver react differently with hydrogen peroxide? They have natural catalase enzymes which were broken down with the presence of hydrogen peroxide. 5. What is the job of the lactase enzyme? Lactase is an enzyme which breaks down lactose, a sugar found in milk and other dairy products. 6. In which test tubes was the glucose present? Why? In test tube #1 the enzyme broke down the lactose . Lactose is a disaccharide of glucose and galactose. The lactose tablet contained lactase which hydrolyzed the lactose into constituent galactose and glucose. Glucose is naturally occurring in skim milk thus in test tube # 2 found in a much smaller amount than test tube #1. 7. What happened when the enzyme was denatured or altered by heat? Did it work the same? Was glucose present? There was no glucose present. It did not work at all. Summary: What the class learn today about the jobs of enzymes? What questions does the class still have?
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