Canterbury Tale

Who lived in a cottage with his wife in Astrakhan. Used to be happily married, loved his wife dearly His love was very palpable, seen clearly. But as years passed his feelings towards her began to wither Because the arguments they had were getting bigger and bigger They would scream and shout and yell the night away To the point where they'd wake up their neighbors, all of whom were gay. As their emotional feelings grew more and more distantTheir overall sex life became all but non-existent. While laboring in the fields one day He thought Of a brilliant idea, with whore's he'd lay. While adultery was bad, and this he knew To his morals he thusly bid adieu. He began to visit a brothel Hookers a plenty, all of them docile He'd indulge in his carnal desires While the wife had no clue he was a liar. He returned late one night to home So his wife got a case of the I-think-my-spouse-is-a-cheater syndrome. She asked where he'd been, she absolutely inquired l don't need this† and to be d he retired.Her suspicions were then indubitably confirmed When she revealed something from his laundry and learned In his pocket was a note that said â€Å"intercourse with you was lovely' Signed at the bottom with hearts and lipstick, was Beverly. She finally knew of her husband's infidelity Which stemmed from their lack of chemistry. To receive information and some advice She went to her transvestite brother Bryce. â€Å"Don't get mad, get even† he said â€Å"This may not be the time, but told you not to wed. â€Å"What do you propose do? â€Å"l actually have the perfect solution for you, have acquired a concoction At the recent marketplace auction. Slip this in his food, and into a frog he will turn. † â€Å"If I go through with this, will in hell I burn? † â€Å"My dear sister that I do not know. † â€Å"All right then, whatever, YOLK. † She barely arrived home, before the crack of dawn Just as her husband awoke with a yawn. She prepped a hearty breakfast, the most important meal of the day Which consisted of milk and honey, and a warm souffleWith the honey she mixed her secret elixir Woe is she, what a tricky trickster. Just like a kitty, he tongued it deftly All the way down to the bottom, until ‘twats empty. Immediately his eyes began to swell His mouth opened, but came out no yell Instead he croaked, his transformation was smooth He now had nary a hair on his body, not even a tooth He remained an amphibian, for the rest of his days Regretting his decisions that he made in his naive haze His wife was very happy, tit for tat. Adultery is bad so there's that.

Getting to Know Cagayan Essay

I. Description Cagayan is a province of the Philippines in the Cagayan Valley region in Luzon. Its capital is Tuguegarao City and is located at the northeastern corner of the island of Luzon. Cagayan also includes the Babuyan Islands to the north. The province borders Ilocos Norte and Apayao to the west, and Kalinga and Isabela to the south. Cagayan is part of one of the largest valleys in the Philippines formed by the majestic Sierra Madre and Cordillera mountain ranges. It is traversed by the mighty 330-km long Cagayan River and its various tributaries. The province could have gotten its name from the Ilocano word carayan or â€Å"big river,† referring to the Rio Grande De Cagayan, the longest river in the country, which bisects its valley from north to south. Or it could have been derived from the tagay trees (tall hardwood) that grew along the river banks. It is possible that the area was called Catagayan, meaning â€Å"where the tagay abounds.† The earliest inhabitants were the Aetas, short dark-skinned nomads belonging to the Negrito family. They were followed by Indo-Malay immigrants who came to be known as Ybanags The majority of people living in Cagayan are of Ilocano descent, mostly from migrants coming from the Ilocos Region. Originally, the more numerous group were the Ybanags, who were first sighted by the Spanish explorers and converted to Christianity by missionaries. This is why the Ibanag language spread throughout the area prior to the arrival of Ilocanos. II. Culture, Way of Life, Values, Religion and Beliefs Cagayan is a very ancient civilization. It has its distinct, rich and diverse culture. Commerce and trade was practiced by its inhabitants and has flourished with the Japanese, Chinese and other neighbor Asian countries even before the Spanish colonizers reached its shores. The province’s agricultural production is concentrated on two areas. The Cagayan River Delta produces rice, corn, vegetables, and rootcrops. The region near the boundary with Isabela contains a number of large tobacco plantations. Agricultural products also are of peanut, beans, and fruits. Livestock products include cattle, hogs, carabaos, and poultry. Fishing various species of fish from the coastal towns is also undertaken. Woodcraft furniture made of hardwood, rattan, bamboo, and other indigenous materials are also available in the province. The mountain ranges yield good hardwoods, as well as rattan and other forest products used in cottage industries. Fishing is a major industry in the coastal areas. Its ancientness is evidenced by the presence of centuries-old churches and other religious relics, archeological sites of nomadic tribes, and richness of its local language and culture. The oldest bell in the country, cast in 1592, still peals from the tower of the church in Camalaniugan. The old brick works in Tuguegarao lie inside the city and speak of a time when bricks were extensively used to build the beautiful churches of the Cagayan. Cagayan with its ancientness is still replete with adventure and excitement. It can flaunt its pristine natural beauty and endowment. It has breathtaking sceneries, beaches, and cavernous caves, thunderous falls, rapids, rivers, limestone mountains, thick and virgin forests, verdant valleys and many more. Also, it is a land of many opportunities having one of the largest fertile alluvial plains, grazing lands and fishing grounds (both marine and inland waters) in the Philippines and a continuous and sustainable supply of production materials. Multi-lingual, warm, gentle and amiable people await you in this remaining patch of tropical paradise in Northern Philippines. III. Land and Topography The province is bounded by the Pacific Ocean on the east; on the south by Isabela province; on the west by the Cordillera Mountains; and on the north by the Balintang Channel and the Babuyan Group of Islands. About two kilometers from the northeastern tip of the province is the island of Palaui; a few kilometers to the west is Fuga Island. The Babuyan Group of Islands, which includes Calayan, Dalupiri, Camiguin, and Babuyan Claro, is about 60 nautical miles (110 km) north of Luzon mainland. The province comprises an aggregate land area of 9,002.70 square kilometers, which constitutes three percent of the total land area of the country, making it the second largest province in the region. Cagayan has 28 municipalities and one city divided into three congressional districts. It has 820 barangays. Tuguegarao City (as of December 18, 1999) is the provincial capital, regional seat, and center of business, trade, and education. It has a land area of 144.80 square kilometers and a population of 120,645 as of 2000. Seasons in the province are not very pronounced. Relatively dry season occurs during the months of March to June and rainy season from July to October, although it is relatively cold during the months of November to February. IV. What did you learn for this ethnic group and its relation for cultural anthropology Due to the influx of Ilokano migrants in the last century, majority of the people of Cagayan speak Iloko as their primary tongue. Aside from the Ilokanos, there are several smaller ethnic groups that live in the province. The Ybanags are the dominant ethnic group in the vicinity of the provincial capital of Cagayan-—Tuguegarao, now a city. The closely related Itawits inhabit the Pinacanauan River valley as well as areas of Amulung and Tuao. The Malawegs are found mainly in the municipality of Rizal . In the foothills and the mountains of the Sierra Madre Range , several Negrito groups called the Agtas forage and hunt for food. The established lingua franca of the province is Ybanag. The Ybanags, Itawits and Malawegs are mainly lowland farmers whose agricultural practices are similar to those of the Ilokanos. The Ybanags used to inhabit the area along the Cagayan coast but migrated further inland. They conducted trade with neighboring areas using distinctive sea crafts, and their commercial interests made their language the medium of commerce throughout the region before the influx of Ilokano migrants. They are also excellent blacksmiths and continue to make good bolos. The Ybanags are reputed to be the tallest of all the ethno-linguistic groups in the Philippines The Itawits are almost indistinguishable from the Ybanags. They build their houses with separate kitchens, connected by a narrow walkway that is used as washing area for hands and feet. The Itawits are noted for their pottery and basket-weaving traditions.

Building research Paper Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words - 1

Building - Research Paper Example Some books of Latin America are as old as 1751 and some manuscripts and newspaper of the 18th century. In the central tower, the library can hold up to 180,000 volumes of books and in the underground around 600,000 volumes making their collection about 1 million volumes and other manuscripts that may also total in millions (Parks). The building consists of marble, granite, bronze and glasswork. Its structure was designed at 200’-0’’ and 350’-0’’ site plan. The building  has  total square footage of  88,347. The  buildings roof serves as a landmark for visitors and people on the campus of Yale. It is a six-story tower, which is enclosed by glass top, containing book stacks encircled by windowless shell held by four piers at the curve of the building. The outer walls are made of Lucida marble panel, which protects direct sunlight from coming in, yet promoted subdued light entrance. The marble walls are thinly sliced that makes sunlight enter the library softly making the view beautiful and unique (â€Å"Beinecke Rare Book and Manuscript Library†). The dimensions have appropriate mathematical proportions, 1:2:3, which make the architectural design platonic. The building is commonly  known  as the â€Å"jewel box† because of its unique feature that there is a stark light emerging after sun is set. It is also known as the â€Å"laboratory of humanities.† The presence of Alexander Calder’s â€Å"Gallows and Lollipops† across the plaza serves as a delightful sight for the visitor (â€Å"Beinecke Rare Book and Manuscript Library†). Visitors enter into the building using a revolving glass door, and there are two stairways to the mezzanine level that displays Beinecke’s collection. There is a public exhibition house, which displays 48 extant copies of Gutenberg Bible. There are two basement doors, first which goes down to the â€Å"Court† level, at the heart in front of Beinecke â€Å"The Garden"  that features sculptures of Isamu Noguchi (Pyramid Sun and Cube).

Acer Company Marketing Case Study Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1000 words

Acer Company Marketing - Case Study Example It is of considerable importance to highlight the fact that the paradox related to the company’s focus on the global and local markets is part of company’s long terms strategy. It is relevant to mention that during the middle of the 90’s period, the company was facing issues of depreciating sales in the markets of the United States. Significant analysis by the company in regards to the causes associated with the slowdown in sales resulted in a strategic change of the company. The top management of Acer realized that for the purpose of entering the foreign markets of United States, it is very essential to develop a significant strong hold in the local Chinese market, which can be viewed as the company’s home turf. Also, the management realized that by catering to the local market, Acer will be able to leverage significant advantages in regards to economies of scale, which will thus make it viable for the company to focus on the process of introducing innova tion to its products (Keegan and Green, 2009, p. 80). Finally in a closing note, it can be specified that the company realized that by adding innovation to its product offerings, Acer will be able to squeeze out significant edge in regards to the offerings of the local players of the US market, thereby making it possible for the company to achieve a high sales turnover from the market of the United States.It has to be said that the company faced depreciating sales in the period of 1995-97, which resulted in fall of market share in the US.... It is relevant to mention that during the middle of the 90’s period, the company was facing issues of depreciating sales in the markets of the United States. Significant analysis by the company in regards to the causes associated with the slowdown in sales resulted in a strategic change of the company. The top management of Acer realized that for the purpose of entering the foreign markets of United States, it is very essential to develop a significant strong hold in the local Chinese market, which can be viewed as the company’s home turf. Also, the management realized that by catering to the local market, Acer will be able to leverage significant advantages in regards to economies of scale, which will thus make it viable for the company to focus on the process of introducing innovation to its products (Keegan and Green, 2009, p. 80). Finally in a closing note, it can be specified that the company realized that by adding innovation to its product offerings, Acer will be able to squeeze out significant edge in regards to the offerings of the local players of the US market, thereby making it possible for the company to achieve a high sales turnover from the market of the United States. 3. It has to be said that the company faced depreciating sales in the period of 1995-97, which resulted in fall of market share in the United States. As a counter measure, significant amount of strategic changes were introduced within the company’s business process. As a part of the strategic change, the market focus of the company was shifted to the local market of China, which is fast growing in nature. By trying to cater to the market of China, the company Acer tried to leverage the benefits associated with economies of scale, as well as tremendous availability of high

Software Engineering Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words - 2

Software Engineering - Essay Example Software requirements, 2. Software design, 3.Software construction, 4. Software testing, 5. Software maintenance, 6. Software configuration and management, 7. Software engineering management, 8. Software engineering process, 9. Software engineering tools and methods, 10. Software quality, and 11. Knowledge areas of related disciplines (Computer Engineering, Computer Science, Management, Mathematics, Project Management, Quality Management, Software Ergonomics, and Systems Engineering) (SWEBOK, 2004 p. 1-2). Software engineers, therefore, must be proficient with the latter knowledge areas to handle every software engineering projects properly, successfully and efficiently. The software engineering project being studied at hand is the Chat Application. According to the given case, the status of which are the following: 1. The project is going well, and 2. The project is progressing. However, during one of the teams status meetings, two of the team members had an intense discussion on multi-threading particularly on the safety and ease of use of Java threading until everyone got somewhat confused. The team members asked you for clarifications on the issue. As a member of the team, you are given a task to clarify on the issue, and you are obliged to the following: 1. To prove that Java threading is a difficult task, and 2. To provide evidence to back up your belief. Further, you are required to do the following: 1. To locate one or more articles, web pages, or discussions dealing with Java threads, 2. Using one or more of your references for support, describe a significant problem or difficulty when using threads in Java, and 3. Provide either a concrete coding example or detailed scenario that illustrates why it is a problem. Frankly, theres no significant problem or difficulty in using Java threads since this could clearly be addressed by the above mentioned articles, tutorials and web pages. Its only the side of technical expertise and

Curating a Weekend Film Festival Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1500 words

Curating a Weekend Film Festival - Essay Example Man Aran Date of Release: October 18th 1934 Director: Robert Flaherty Starring: Michael Dillane, Colman King, Maggie Dirrane 4. Moana Date of Release: January 7th 1966 Director: Robert Flaherty Starring: Fa'agase Su'a-Filo, Ta'avale 5. White Shadows in the South Seas Date of Release: November 10th 1958 Director: W.S. Dyke Starring; Irvon Thalberg Catalogue/Program Essay These films have been chosen due to their belonging to the docu-fiction genre, as well as their setting on beaches. Robert Flaherty’s name conjures up an array of complex debates with regard to films and documentaries, ethics, how others are represented, the director’s role, argument, ideology, gendered imagery, collaboration, ethnography, non-preconception, community, fantasy, voice, idealized or realistic cinematography, racialized bodies, and deep immersion in one the beach field (Usai, 2008). Flaherty worked or directed only 10 fiction films in his entire career. Nanook of the North, which was releas ed in 1922, the Louisiana Story, released in 1948, and Man of Aran, released in 1934 are the popularly analyzed and recognized of his films. This, in part, is caused by the fact that these are the films that were dissected and filmed by his widow and collaborator Frances Flaherty, in the mid to late 50s, which she founded following his death at the Film Seminars held for Robert Flaherty (Christopher, 2009). She did this in order to advance his thoughts on artisanal filmmaking that he used as a way of exploration. Moana, which was released in 1926, was rarely screened because of theatrical legalities of copyright that he faced from paramount. Famous Players Lasky, a Hollywood studio that was later merged with paramount Studios and was directed in Samoa, financed the film for production (Christopher, 2009). The film occupies an obscured and awkward position in the legacy left by Flaherty. It is neither a well thought out narrative of silent film neither is it a documentary exemplar. I t is what documentary scholars have long considered as among the very first in the genre of docu-fiction. The response by Famous Players Lansky, which was lukewarm, to Moana took the Flaherty’s towards views that were anti-Hollywood, especially following the holding back of exhibition and marketing by the studio after its debut in NYC (Christopher, 2009). Following his departure from MGM production of the film White Shadows of the South Seas, he went on to exhort that doing business with Hollywood was like sailing in a boat with a glass bottom over a sewer. Famous Players Lansky, in the mid 20s, looked towards the lucrative nature of overseas markets. Walter Wagner, a producer at the studio, imported realist methods of filmmaking that connected profit motives with the increase of world knowledge through foreign film-shoots (Rugg & Sedwick, 2009). He advocated for natural drama, which is a film that constructs stories through focusing on native actors, family, and animals in t heir natural habitats. Ernest Schoesdack and Merian Cooper were incorporated into the studio and taken to Thailand for the production of Chang in 1926. Stark Love in 1927 was about N. Carolina’s mountain people, Redskin in 1929 dealt with the Navajo people, and the Vanishing Redskin In 1926 dealt with the Monument Valley. Within this context of larger markets and studios, Lasky approached Flaherty for the production of another Nanook of the North, for which he was given a blank production check (Rugg & Sedwick, 2009). Polynesian cultural imagination and fantasy as a paradise that was pastoral and uncontaminated countered industrialization and urbanization’s realities and infused it into the post WWII popular culture (Obrist &

Profiling Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words

Profiling - Essay Example What one says or does is sieved by the society through a very fine net of critical judgment, so as to analyze the flavor of racism, one-sidedness and religion in it. In such circumstances, people specially those who have close resemblance with the suspected group have to undergo immense emotional labor and have to adapt their actions and sayings as per the demand of the sensitive listeners and watchers. This does require an adjustment in the bandwidth of tolerance as (Varadarajan) has rightly depicted in his essay. People’s actions are shaped by their internal beliefs and are an outcome of their philosophies. They may or may not want to adjust their actions and reactions in accordance with the demand of the terrorism-phobic society. Emphasis on profiling is a result of spread of terrorism which has in turn, had many philosophical and spiritual impacts on the society as a whole. Thus, profiling in itself, becomes a fairly complex philosophical issue. Is profiling acceptable? If so, under what circumstances? No, profiling is not acceptable.

Corporate Social Responsibility and Globalisation (find a topic on it) Essay

Corporate Social Responsibility and Globalisation (find a topic on it) - Essay Example It reveals the way many companies have tried to employ CSR strategy in order to achieve successful business performance in the competitive global market. Globalization has contributed to varied changes in the international business activities. The literature attempts to analyze the way global integration has radically risen due to increased technological advancement; thus stakeholders have now started implementing CSR strategy in order to sustain their business in the competitive global market. Thus, despite the growing concern to the global CSR frameworks and globalisation issues, the literature review systematically examines the increased concern on adherents to these frameworks for the last decades. Global corporate social responsibility has emerged in the last decades as the significant strategy employed by varied multinational corporations in the global business for creating effective business performance. In spite of the growing concern of CSR and globalisation aspects, many scholars have attempted to examine the increasing number of adherents to the CSR frameworks (Lim and Tsutsui 2012, p. 2; Zaremba 2009, p. 127). From a rational actor model, the increased number of CSR is a puzzle since the costs and benefits associated with these frameworks are profoundly uncertain (Lim and Tsutsui 2012, p. 2). Many multinational companies that have attempted to operate their business across the globe have considerably gained some public relation benefits for demonstrating their commitment to CSR principles. Although corporations employing CSR might gain public relations benefits, some of them have been accused of making empty promises and evading regulatory devices. Many scholars have argued on the issue of CSR in relation to the multinational corporations and their capability to adhere to the international policies where they operate (Cramer, 2006, p. 78;

A Woman Saving the Nation, from the series The Taiheiki Chronicle Essay

A Woman Saving the Nation, from the series The Taiheiki Chronicle - Essay Example That is to mean that the ideas expressed using the art was meant to discuss the culture and political, social, and religious setting of the country. 1 The Japanese customary craftsmanship is very rich as accessible in a few separate structures. A few different mediums of the declaration have been utilized by Japanese specialists to express their thoughts. The Japanese cultural art includes the beautiful artworks, stoneware, the Japanese Sculptures and the most unmistakable structure that include the plan of blooms. That refers to Ikebana and obviously Origami, the work of art identified with collapsing paper. As a result, the art used different forms to express these ideas. 2Some of the most commonly used forms include the use of paintings. A Japanese artist did the piece of work, by the name Yoshitoshi Tsukioka, who lived between 1839 and 1892. The art is believed to have been designed and produced in 1886, and it is available in the form of a woodblock print. The Collection Phoenix Art Museum contains several pieces of these paintings. It is Gift of Susan Julia Ross and Dr. Gary L. Waddington under the order number 2011.118.A. As such; one can access the art using these details. 3 In the extravagant inside of collapsing screens and veneer furniture, the Shogun (military ruler) Tsunayoshi is sleeping soundly. He is longing for his most loved mistress, Oyanagi no Okada who is demonstrated superimposed over the scene and filling the right board. Behind him on the left board his wife Osame holds a knife. The Shogun is ignorant that his courtesans father Yanagisawa, the Lord of Dewa, has been plotting to topple him. His wife has found the scheme and is bravely waiting to murder the courtesans father and after that execute herself, keeping in mind the end goal to spare the country and her spouse.4 The piece of art illustrates the role of women in the fight for freedom, justice, equity, growth, and development in the Japanese culture. It also shows

The Body in Ancient Art Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1250 words

The Body in Ancient Art - Essay Example The statues play a vital role in the study of the glorious past of the different cultures. Greek civilization is among those ancient civilizations, which is depicted through Roman sculpture. The Roman sculptures gained incredible popularity in around 1 to 200 years B.C. It was basically influenced by the Greeks. Nude statues which are the Greek style became trendy due to their innate beauty. They were supposed to be the symbol of love and affection for somebody. All these statues are vivid and they represent their own time. When God created man there might be a certain figure before his vision. And he shaped man according to that vision. The divine father devoted himself entirely and put all efforts to create an extraordinary and unique creation. The body of human being is an amazing dream of the heavenly father, which HE manifested in the form of the human body. This marvelous creation of the Lord has been appreciated by the human being whom HE formed. Human body has been the captivating subject for the poets, philosophers, writers, painters and the sculptures. When God created the first man and first woman, i.e. Adam and Eve, they were living their life in a very innate form and that is nudity. Here let me give an example of a very huge nude statue of Bahubali which is located in a small town of southern India called Shravanbelgola. The statue is somewhat similar with the Greek mythological sculpture, though its aim is different and that is asceticism, total isolation from the worldly pleasures. The giant nude statue of Bahubali is an unusual specimen of sculpture. Unlike Indian philosophy, Greek idealism is to gain maximum worldly pleasure. Whatever aims and reasons might be, the stripped body of a man has been the interesting subject for the painters and the sculptors. This nudity is the quite original form of the humanity which appealed to the great painters and sculptors. The faction of male nudity was a pervasive

Issues of Equality and Diversity Essay Example for Free

Issues of Equality and Diversity Essay Equality is about learners’ rights to attend and participate, regardless of their gender, race, ethnic origin, religion, disability, sexual orientation and age. Therefore it is extremely important to identify any barriers to learning that may arise. To promote inclusion, at the point of initial assessment, the learner needs to disclose any disabilities that may make it difficult for them to access the course. Once these needs have been identified, the teacher needs to consider effective strategies or identify appropriate resources which would support the student, for example, a visually impaired student may need worksheets written in Braille, a hearing impaired student may need the use of a hearing loop. The teacher too must ensure that their own attitudes and beliefs do not discriminate in any way and so understand, as Gavells states,P18 â€Å"All learners are entitled to be treated with respect and dignity. Everyone is an individual, with different experiences, abilities and needs. As a teacher, you need to take this into account when teaching and ensure you give equal support to all your learners without favouritism.† The teacher needs to establish good rapport and equal opportunities by showing respect. Diversity is about valuing the differences in people. To ensure that all different students feel secure in their learning environment, it is important that at the start of the course the teacher establishes ground rules which explicitly state that all students will respect the points of view of others thus ensuring all students are valued. The teacher also needs to enforce these rules consistently. Inclusion may also be promoted by an understanding of different learning styles –visual, aural and kinaesthetic (Fleming 1987). The teacher may identify that different students prefer to learn in a particular way, for example a kinaesthetic learner likes physical activities but may not like reading, therefore the teacher can personalise the teaching to incorporate more physical activities to ensure that the learner is fully engaged and included in the lessons. This may need the teacher to adapt activities within the Scheme of Work to ensure that a range of activities meet the learning styles within the group of students. Geoff Petty P.560 lists further strategies which can promote inclusive learning which include motivating individual students with tasks they value, using inclusive questioning methods such as assertive questioning, ensuring feedback is constructive and set challenging tasks. Finally, all learners are individuals and for effective inclusion the teacher needs to listen to his students and reflect on their experiences. At the end of the course the students may complete evaluation sheets and these will allow the teacher to reflect on the learners experiences and identify strengths of the course and areas which need to be modified to improve the learning for future students. Bibliography Petty, G.(2009) Teaching Today 4th Edition Nelson Thornes Gravells,A. (2008) Preparing to Teach in the Lifelong Learning Sector 3rd Edition Learning matters

The Product In Service Marketing Mix

The Product In Service Marketing Mix The service marketing mix is also known as an extended marketing mix and is an integral part of a service . The service marketing mix consists of 7 Ps as compared to the 4 Ps of a product marketing mix. Simply said, the service marketing mix assumes the service as a product itself. However it adds 3 more Ps which are required for optimum service delivery. servicemarketingmix Service Marketing Mix The product marketing mix consists of the 4 Ps which are Product, Pricing, Promotions and Placement. These are discussed in my article on product marketing mix the 4 Ps. Product The product in service marketing mix is intangible in nature. The product element of the marketing mix includes the tangible good and all of the services that accompany that good to produce the final product. A product is a package, or bundle, of goods and services that comprise the total offering. For example, the purchase of a hotel room includes the guest room, fitness center, pool, restaurants, valet service, concierge, housekeeping service, etc. A restaurant meal consists of the actual food, host/hostess, and waiters, etc. Finally, a travel experience consists of a chain of products and services starting atthe time of purchase and ending upon returning from the trip. Everything in between, such as hotel service, restaurants, and transportation (including taxis and buses), affect the overall experience. Some of the variables that are part of the product decision include variety, quality, design, features/amenities, brand name, packaging, supporting services, and warranties. As stated earlier, the decision regarding the proper mix of goods and services is based on the wants and needs of consumers (the concept of marketing. Place The place element of the marketing mix includes the distribution and logistics of producing a product or service and making it available to the final consumer. The location of a manufacturing or wholesaling facility is determined by considering the costs of resources such as labor, raw materials, and real estate. In addition, it is necessary to have access to the preferred mode(s) of transportation for delivering the products to wholesalers and retailers. The location of a retail establishment is based mainly on accessibility to the final consumers. Services have relatively short channels of distribution and focus most of their efforts on finding retail locations that are convenient for consumers. For example, restaurants tend to choose high traffic areas close to shopping and other attractions. Similarly, hotels locate their facilities in areas such as airports, urban centers, industrial centers, and tourist attractions that are accessible to their respective target markets. Some of the variables that are part of the place decision include the type of channel, location, assortments, coverage area, inventory, and transportation. Many service providers overlook the importance of this variable in the strategic planning process. The channel of distribution tends to be shorter for the marketing of services than that for goods, and most service providers act as manufacturer and retailer. Many managers in service firms assume that once the initial location is determined this variable diminishes in importance. However, hotels and restaurants do switch their operations to a more favorable location on occasion. This is a major decision involving company time and resources, but it can result in long-term growth and increased profit if handled properly. Another good example of a place decision for a hotel is the Harborside Hyatt in Boston, Massachusetts.. Promotion The promotion element of the marketing mix includes all of the communications associated with marketing a product or service. The promotion mix consists of four elements: advertising, personal selling, publicity, and sales promotion. Advertising and publicity are forms of mass communication using a variety of mediums such as television, radio, newspaper, magazines, direct mail, and the Internet. Advertising is a paid form of mass communication with an identified sponsor, while publicity is a non-paid form of mass communication without a sponsor (i.e., it is free and objective). Personal selling is a form of interpersonal communication sponsored by the firm. Sales promotion is a short-term inducement to purchase a product or service. Some examples of sales promotions are contests, sweepstakes, premiums, and product bundles. Pricing Pricing in case of services is rather more difficult than in case of products. Price. Price is the value placed on a product or service. Other terms that can be used to refer to the price component of the marketing mix are: fee, rate, tuition, premium, and toll. There are non-monetary elements to price as well as the more obvious monetary elements. Some examples of non-monetary price are the time it takes to search and evaluate alternative products or services and the convenience of location. If a consumer drives to several locations to shop for a product or service, then there are costs associated with time, gas, and depreciation on the car. Also, there could be tolls for highways, bridges, or subways. In the end, it is the perceived price or the perceived value the consumer associates with a product or service that influences the purchase and the level of customers satisfaction. Value is the trade off between price and quality the benefits the consumer receives for the pr ice paid. Here on we start towards the extended service marketing mix. People : The role of the service employee becomes much more critical since to a very real extent the employee is the service, given the absence of any tangible artifact. They carry the responsibility of projecting the image of the service firm. Because of the inseparability of production and consumption of services, service delivery is characterized by interactions between customers and service employees. Service employees who experience positive human resource practices can devote their energies and resources to effectively serving their customers. The service firms human resource management practices can create an environment that elicit more positive, courteous and helpful behavior from the employees toward customers. In turn, the behavior that employees display will positively impact on service quality. Physical Evidence : Physical evidence of service includes all the tangible representations of service such as clear signage, good ventilation, adequate space, internet presence, equipment and facility. As services are intangible, customers are searching for any tangible cues to help them understand the nature of the service experience. For example, in the hotel industry, the design, furnishing, lighting, layout and decoration of the hotel as well as the appearance of its employees will influence customer perceptions of the service quality and experiences. For theme parks, restaurants, health clubs, hospitals or schools, the physical facility is critical in communicating the service and making the entire customer experience positive. Ambient conditions include background characteristics of the environment such as temperature, air quality, lighting, noise, music, and scent affect the five senses. Spatial layout of the equipment, and furnishings arranged, the size and shape of these items, and the spatial relationships among them are also crucial to influence customers perception. Process : Process is referred to as the procedures, mechanisms and flow of activities by which the service is delivered i.e. the service delivery and operating systems. Delivering customer expectations depends on how well various steps function together. Highly bureaucratized services frequently follow complicated and extensive series of actions, and the logic of the steps involved often confuse the customer. Customers may complain that service firms are slow in response and bureaucratic with the many steps involved. They want easy access to the service process, and they want things to be handled quickly, preferably by the first service employee. Customers describe frustrating experiences when they have to run from pillar to post to complete a simple transaction, experience long waiting time, rules and regulations, and personnel who decline to serve them with the excuse Im not allowed to do this or this is against our policy. Service LIC An Ordinance was issued on 19th January, 1956 nationalizing the Life Insurance sector and Life Insurance Corporation came into existence in the same year. The LIC absorbed 154 Indian, 16 non-Indian insurers as also 75 provident societies-245 Indian and foreign insurers in all. The LIC had monopoly till the late 90s when the Insurance sector was reopened to the private sector. History Life Insurance Corporation of India (LIC) was formed in Sep 1956 after the Parliament of India passed the Life Insurance Corporation Act in Jun 1956. The company was created with the objective of spreading life insurance more widely, especially to reach all the insurable people in the rural areas and provide them with adequate financial cover at a reasonable cost. Apart from its corporate office, LIC had five zonal offices, 33 divisional offices and 212 branch offices in 1956. The nature of life insurance contracts being long-term coupled with the need to provide a variety of services during the term of the policy, LIC re-organised itself by opening a number of new branch offices. After its re-organisation, servicing functions were transferred to branches which were converted to accounting units. Operations As on Mar 2008, LIC had 2,048 fully computerised branch offices, 109 divisional offices, eight zonal offices apart from its corporate office. LICs network connects all the branches through wide area network. The company also has tie-ups with certain banks and service providers to offer on-line premium collection facility in select cities. Besides, ECS and ATM premium payment facility to its customers, the company has also commissioned IVRS and information centres at Mumbai, Ahmedabad, Bangalore, Chennai, Hyderabad, Kolkata, New Delhi, Pune, amongst other cities. LIC has also launched Satellite Sampark offices in order to provide easy access to its policy holders. The company had 340 such offices as on Mar 2008. LIC also provides housing finance through LICHFL. It has also formed an asset management company known as LICMF AMC. The corporation has also extended its operations to the international arena; through various JVs and subsidiaries it operates in as many as nine countries. Products Services LIC offers a wide array of insurance products to its customers such as insurance plans, pension plans, unit-linked plans, special plans and group scheme. During FY08, the company introduced certain new products such as Profit Plus, Fortune Plus, Jeevan Akshay, Jeevan Amrit Amulya Jeevan. As of Mar 2007, total number of agents of the company stood at 1.1 mn while the total number of policies issued was 38.2 mn. The premium earned by the company reported a growth of 41% in FY07 when compared to the previous year. During the year, the company insured 34.28 mn individuals for the first time 7 P`s of Services Marketing in LIC The marketing mix is the combination of marketing activities that an organization engages in so as to best meet the needs of its targeted market. The Insurance business deals in selling services and therefore due weight-age in the formation of marketing mix for the Insurance business is needed. The marketing mix includes sub-mixes of the 7 Ps of marketing i.e. the product, its price, place, promotion, people, process physical attraction. The above mentioned 7 Ps can be used for marketing of Insurance products, in the following manner: PRODUCT: A product means what we produce. If we produce goods, it means tangible product and when we produce or generate services, it means intangible service product. A product is both what a seller has to sell and a buyer has to buy. Thus, an Insurance company sells services and therefore services are their product. In India, the Life Insurance Corporation of India (LIC) is the leading companies offering insurance services to the users. Apart from offering life insurance policies, they also offer underwriting and consulting services. When a person or an organization buys an Insurance policy from the insurance company, he not only buys a policy, but along with it the assistance and advice of the agent, the prestige of the insurance company and the facilities of claims and compensation. . In short, the formulation of product-mix should be in the face of innovative product strategy. While initiating the innovative process it is necessary to take into consideration the strategies adopted by private and foreign insurance companies through various plans like Endowment plan, pension plan, ULIP. PRICING: In the insurance business the pricing decisions are concerned with: i) The premium charged against the policies, ii) Interest charged for defaulting the payment of premium and credit facility, and iii) Commission charged for underwriting and consultancy activities. . The pricing in insurance is in the form of premium rates. The premium rates are revised if there are any significant changes in any of the below factors. a) Mortality b) Expenses c) Interest PLACE: This component of the marketing mix is related to two important facets i) Managing the insurance personnel, and ii) Locating a branch. . While locating branches, the branch manager needs to consider a number of factors, such as smooth accessibility, availability of infrastructural facilities and the management of branch offices and premises. In addition it is also significant to provide safety measures and also factors like office furnishing, civic amenities and facilities, parking facilities and interior office decoration should be given proper attention. Thus the place management of insurance branch offices needs a new vision, distinct approach and an innovative style. This is essential to make the work place conducive, attractive and proactive for the generation of efficiency among employees. The branch managers need professional excellence to make place decisions productive. PROMOTION: Advertising and Publicity, organization of conferences and seminars, incentive to policyholders are impersonal communication. Arranging exhibitions, participation in fairs and festivals, rural wall paintings and publicity drive through the mobile publicity van units would be effective in creating the impulse buying and the rural prospects would be easily transformed into actual policyholders. PEOPLE: Understanding the customer better allows designing appropriate products. Being a service industry which involves a high level of people interaction, it is very important to use this resource efficiently in order to satisfy customers. Training, development and strong relationships with intermediaries are the key areas to be kept under consideration. Training the employees, use of IT for efficiency, both at the staff and agent level, is one of the important areas to look into. PROCESS: The process should be customer friendly in insurance industry. The speed and accuracy of payment is of great importance. IT Data Warehousing will smoothen the process flow. IT will help in servicing large no. of customers efficiently and bring down overheads. Technology can either complement or supplement the channels of distribution cost effectively. It can also help to improve customer service levels. The use of data warehousing management and mining will help to find out the profitability and potential of various customers product segments. PHYSICAL EVIDENCE: The physical evidence are includes such as policy document, statements, intimation letter, uniforms of personnel, vending machine of LIC enquiry option , LIC logo and their awards. AXIS BANK Axis Bank Limited was the first of the new private banks to have begun operations in 1994, after the Government of India allowed new private banks to be established. The Bank was promoted jointly by the Administrator of the specified undertaking of the Unit Trust of India (UTI I), Life Insurance Corporation of India (LIC) and General Insurance Corporation of India (GIC) and other four PSU insurance companies, i.e. National Insurance Company Ltd., The New India Assurance Company Ltd., The Oriental Insurance Company Ltd. and United India Insurance Company Ltd. The Bank today is capitalized to the extent of Rs. 358.56 crores with the public holding (other than promoters) at 57.60%. The Banks Registered Office is at Ahmedabad and its Central Office is located at Mumbai. Presently, the Bank has a very wide network of more than 701 Branch offices and Extension Counters. The Bank has a network of over 2854 ATMs providing 24 hrs a day banking convenience to its customers. This is one of the largest ATM networks in the country. The Bank has strengths in both retail and corporate banking and is committed to adopting the best industry practices internationally in order to achieve excellence. Axis Bank Limited has been promoted by the largest and the best Financial Institution of the country, UTI. The Bank was set up with a capital of Rs. 115 crore, with UTI contributing Rs. 100 crore, LIC Rs. 7.5 crore and GIC and its four subsidiaries contributing Rs. 1.5 crore each. THE SERVICE MARKETING MIX OF AXIS BANK PRODUCT The main products of AXIS Bank are Saving Account, Current Account and Demat Account. The other products are Home loan, personal loan, Insurance, Credit cards, etc. For better marketing of products, the products are categorized under Axis Bank and Axis Sales. Products under Axis Bank are Saving Account Current Account Forex Department Salary Accounts Products under Axis Sales are Home loan Personal loan, Demat Account PRICE The price of the product depends upon the services provided by the Bank on the respective product to the customers. Detailed pricing changes from time to time and the same can be found on the website of Axis bank. PLACE Place plays an important role in tangibilizing service offerings. Quality of service is perceived by many customers in the form of place of delivery- locational appeal, interiors, ambience, etc. If a bank is located in a crowded market the place or location will be a negative tangibilizes. Providing excellent tangibles in the form of place or location and interiors is particularly important for appealing to the customers segment. More recently, some of the private banks in India like AXIS Bank are providing very attractive tangibles in the form of their locations, exteriors and interiors. PROMOTION Promotion can tangibilize services in different forms: Visualization Association Physical representation Documentation. Visualization tangibilizes services through hoardings, TV and print campaigns or advertisements. Physical representation in services has a good promotional appeal to customers like use of colors to symbolize wealth and status. Service providers use documentation in their promotions in support of their claims for dependability, popularity and responsiveness PEOPLE People are a common factor in every service. And people tangibilize services. Good people (means good performance) make good or successful services. Bad performers deliver bad services. PROCESS Customer defined business process- Process innovations and continuous improve- ment through people involvement. Result oriented approach- Each process has been designed by first planning the desired results. Axis Bank is constantly taking initiatives to offer the best in class service that seek to enhance customer experience. PHYSICAL EVIDENCE Reduce paper usage- Due to technological innovations such as use of Finacle software for core banking solutions. It has positioned it self as a bank which gives higher standard of services through product innovation. Satisfies the diverse need of individual and corporate clients. It is customer centric, and service oriented . Now we will compare the strategies of both axis bank and adlabs, LIC provides life insurance policy, like Endowment plan, pension plan, ULIP. Axis bank also offers variety of products like Saving Account, Current Account and Demat Account. The other products are Home loan, personal loan, Insurance, Credit cards In LIC the pricing decisions are concerned with :i) The premium charged against the policies, ii) Interest charged for defaulting the payment of premium and credit facility, and iii) Commission charged for underwriting and consultancy activities. . The pricing in insurance is in the form of premium rates. The price of the product depends upon the services provided by the Bank on the respective product to the customers. LIC consider a number of factors, such as smooth accessibility, availability of infrastructural facilities and the management of branch offices and premises Quality of service is perceived by many customers in the form of place of delivery- locational appeal, interiors, ambience, etc. If a bank is located in a crowded market the place or location will be a negative tangibilizes. AXIS Bank are providing very attractive tangibles in the form of their locations, exteriors and interiors. Advertising and Publicity, organization of conferences and seminars, incentive to policyholders are impersonal communication. Arranging exhibitions, participation in fairs and festivals, rural wall paintings and publicity drive through the mobile publicity van. Visualization tangibilizes services through hoardings, TV and print campaigns or advertisements. Physical representation in services has a good promotional appeal to customers like use of colors to symbolize wealth and status. Service providers use documentation in their promotions in support of their claims for dependability, popularity and responsiveness .LIC being a service industry which involves a high level of people interaction, it is very important to use this resource efficiently in order to satisfy customers. Training, development and strong relationships with intermediaries are the key areas to be kept under consideration. In axis bank Good people (means good performance) make good or successful services. Bad performers deliver bad services. The process should be customer friendly in insurance industry. The speed and accuracy of payment is of great importance. IT Data Warehousing will smoothen the processflow. IT will help in servicing large no. of customers efficiently and bring down overheads Customer defined business process- Process innovations and continuous improve-ment through people involvement.Result oriented approach- Each process has been designed by first planning the desired results.Axis Bank is constantly taking initiatives to offer the best in class service that seek to enhance customer experienc The physical evidence are includes such as policy document, statements, intimation letter, uniforms of personnel, vending machine of LIC enquiry option , LIC logo and their awards In Axis bank physical evidenceReduce paper usage- Due to technological innovations such as use of Finacle software for core banking solutions.It has positioned it self as a bank which gives higher standard of services through product innovation. CONCLUSION There is littile bit similarity in the service marketing mix of LIC and axis bank but there is difference in the marketing strategy of the both companies

Issues of the Registrability and Infringement of Trademark

Issues of the Registrability and Infringement of Trademark This question would be regarding to the issues of the registrability and infringement of trademark. Trademarks are the indicators of the origin of the products and services to which it attaches[1] which could bring a great economic value. Trademark is defined as any sign that is capable of being graphically representable which is distinguishable from one good to another under in s.1(1) of Trade Marks Act(TMA) 1994[2]. Generally, a trademark could last for 10 years initially but it could be renewed every ten year if it is used in the appropriate class. Trademarks in United Kingdom (UK) is currently governed by TMA 1994 which implemented the European Union(EU) Directive 89/104/EEC.[3] There are three requirements to be fulfilled to register a trademark. Firstly, a mark must be a sign where it is very broad as it includes words, devices, images, colours, shapes, music, sounds, and smells. On the facts, the plastic seashell base would be the sign. Next, the mark must be graphically representable. However, some unusual marks such as colour, shape, smell and sound marks would be difficult to fulfil this requirement. Therefore, some guidelines have been laid down in Sieckmann v Deutsches Patent-und Markenamt[4] where it states that the sign must be clear, precise, self-contained, easily accessible, intelligible, and have a durable objective for a mark to be graphically representable. On the facts, De Rijk Kluyv intended to register the seashell shape which fall under the category of unusual mark. However, it is challenging for a 3-dimensional shape to be represented 2-dimensional graphical form. This could be seen in Swizzels Matlow Ltds 3-Dimensional Trade Mark Application[5] where the shape mark failed to be registered as there was no indication of thickness, size and more. Moreover, there were also many unsuccessful attempts for Re Coca-Cola Co[6] to register the shape of their bottle. However, the case of Smith Kline and Fre nch v Winthrop[7]allowed a registration of a 3-dimensional shape in distinctive colour combination. On the facts, unless the company could fulfil the Sieckmann citeria, the mark is not registrable. Furthermore, the mark must also be capable of distinguishing under s.3(1) of TMA 1994. In Scandecor Development AB v Scandecor Marketing AV[8], it was held that the importance of trademark is that the goods could be distinctive from others. Hence, if a mark would not be registrable if is not capable of distinguishing as this was agreed by Canon Kabushiki Kaisha v MGM[9] on the importance of distinctiveness. However, it would be too wide to look at what could be registered as trade mark. Hence, it is better to focus on what could not be registered by looking at the absolute grounds of refusal under s.3 of TMA 1994 where it sets out 10 categories of signs that could not be registered. However, there are three categories where it could be registered if a secondary meaning could be provided. They are s.3(1)(b), s.3(1)(c) and s.3(1)(d) of TMA 1994. Firstly, under s.3(1)(b) of TMA 1994, it stated that the trademarks which devoid of any distinctive character. However, there are 2 different views in this area from UK and European Court of Justice(ECJ). For example, the shape of a torch was refused to be registered as a trademark in Mag Instrument v OHIM[10]. It stated that only marks which are significantly from the norm or customs of the sector that can indicate the origin and not lack of the purpose of distinctive character. However, the opinion of UK was different in British Sugar Plc v James Robertson and Son Ltd[11] where Laddie J held that a mark would fall under s.3(1)(b) of TMA 1994 if it could not be distinguished without the public have the knowledge that it is a trademark. On the facts, the term OUR WORLD IS YOUR OYSTER! could arguably to be considered as significant from the norm and distinctive. Moreover, the term could also be distinguished without having the public knowing it as a trademark. Hence, it would not fall under s.3(1)(b) of TMA 1994. Moreover, on the facts, the slogan of OUR WORLD IS YOUR OYSTER! should not fall under the category under s.3(1)(c) where it is exclusively descriptive of the goods or services to be registrable. The general rule is that the whole of a mark must be descriptive and not merely part of the mark. However, the law in this area was uncertain. In Besnier SAs Trade Mark Application[12] the registration was refused as the term Day by Day would naturally to be used by other traders. However, in Procter Gamble Co. v OHIM[13], it was held that in appeal that baby dry is not the whole descriptive of nappies and the overall effect of the mark is important instead of the components that make it up. This was supported by Griffiths where he stated that it offers greater certainty to trademark applicants.[14] Furthermore, in Windsurfing Chiemsee v Attenberger Cases[15], the European Court of Justice(ECJ) held that geographic descriptive marks could be registered as trademark if the public associates that mark is with the owner but not the geographic place. In that case, the trademark was used 2 years before it was registered and its application was allowed by the European Court of Justice(ECJ). On the facts, the slogan had only been used just under 2 years. It could be argued that it did not meet the requirement of the length of use laid down in Windsurfings case. However, in OHIM v Wm. Wrigley Jr.Co[16], it was held that the mark Doublemint was descriptive even if it was merely partly represented the characteristics of mint flavoured or mint-scented products. It could be submitted that the courts were trying to prevent a floodgate of litigations for marks that consisted descriptive words as this was allowed in Procters case as mentioned above. This decision had departed from the general rule and held that it would be considered descriptive even though it only consists part of the mark. It also did not overrule Procters case and created a confusion in law in this area. Hence, on the facts, by following the recent decision in Wrigleys case, the company would fail in the registration of the term as a trademark as it consists a word that is descriptive to the goods themselves which is the word OYSTER where it is a type of seafood. Other than that, the mark should not consist exclusively signs or indications where it became the generic terms in general language or the specific market sector under s.3(1)(d) of TMA 1994. On the facts, it could be argued that the slogan OUR WORLD IS YOUR OYSTER! fall under the generic terms in general language as it is an edited version of the idiom the world is your oyster. Hence, it could be argued that the slogan could not be registered as a trademark. However, a mark that acquired a distinctive character through its use would be registrable. It is required that the mark must have been used and has in fact acquired a distinctive character. In Socià ©tà © des Produits Nestlà © SA v Mars UK Ltd[17], it was held that the slogan of Have a Breakà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¦Have a Kit Kat had become distinctive through its use even though the High Court on appeal held that Have a Break itself is not distinctive, the Court of Appeal held that the mark need not be distinctive individually. On the facts, unless the company could proof distinctiveness by showing that a portion of customers that could identify the goods are originate from this company because of the slogan, the slogan OUR WORLD IS YOUR OYSTER would not be registrable. Next, in determining whether there is an infringement of DUTCHY BEACH mark, s.10 of TMA 1994 would be discuss. A typical infringement would involve a sign used by a trader which is similar to another registered trademark owned by another trader which indicate the source of the goods or services. On the facts, the activity that constitutes an infringement would be affixing a sign to goods or packaging as the mark DUTCHY BEACH was used in a range of beverages by Beechy Beverages Ltd under s.10(4) of TMA 1994. There are three types of use which are regarded as infringements under s.10(1), s.10(2) and s.10(3) of TMA 1994. On the facts, the type of use would be the similar sign for dissimilar goods which has a reputation and it was used without due cause, takes unfair advantages or detriments under s.10(3) of TMA 1994.[18] The mark DUTCHY BEECH sign is similar to DUTCH BEECH mark where one sells beverages but the other one sells processed seafood products. On the facts, it is clear that the mark DUTCHY BEECH is visual, phonetic and conceptual similar with DUTCH BEACH as per Muelhens v OHIM[19]. The company would need to show that there is a likelihood of confusion but this was held to be unnecessary to do so by ECJ in Sabel BV v Puma AG, Rudolf Dassler Sport[20]. Moreover, on the facts, it is clear that the goods sold by the parties are dissimilar as per the case of Daimler Chrysler AG v Javid Alavi[21]where the classes of the goods are not the same. On the facts, the class of goods under De Rijk and Kluyvs company are class 29 and 31 while the class of goods under Beechy Beverages are class 32 and 33. Furthermore, De Rijk and Kluyv would need to prove that the trademark has a reputation. However, it is not necessary for the mark to be famous. The reputation would only need to be existed in part of the geographical area by determining the degree of knowledge of the public. It was held by the ECJ in General Motors(GM) v Yplon SA[22] that the size of the investment for the promotion of the mark must be considered when determining the degree of knowledge of public on the two marks. On the facts, they had recently invested in a new seafood platter for the supermarkets. Hence, it could be argued that there is a sufficient reputation for the mark on the public as there was an investment on the mark and it was also used on the goods which distributed to the supermarkets and restaurants locally. It could be argued that the public had a sufficient knowledge on the mark as it can be seen in supermarkets and restaurants. Then, they would need to show that there are detriments suffered or Beechy Beverages had taken unfair advantage of the repute or distinctive character of DUTCH BEACH mark. It is unnecessary for them to show detriments if there is an unfair advantage taken by Beechy Beverages. On the facts, it could be argued that Beechy Beverages had taken an unfair advantage by using a similar to the mark with repute which is DUTCH BEACH to market their goods as per LOreal v Bellure[23]. However, if Beechy Beverages could show that the use was with due cause as per Premier Brands UK v Typhoon Europe Ltd[24], there would not be an infringement. On the facts, it could be argued that there is no due cause for the use of the mark. However, Beechy Beverages would argue that the use was for comparing advertisement as per TMA 1994 in light of Directive 97/55/EC[25]. There would be an infringement if the sign was used in a course of trade under s.10(3) of TMA 1994 even if the sign did not used as a trade mark. It could be regarded to be used in a course of trade if it is used for business purposes to indicate the origin of the goods and services as per Reed Executive Plc v Reed Business Information[26]. Moreover, the case Adam Opel AG v Autec AG[27] held that any use of a similar mark including decoration purpose would amount to an infringement. On the facts, the Beechy Beverages company did not intend to register it as a trademark as there is no application made. However, according to the case stated above, it would still be an infringement as the sign was used to indicate the beverages are from Dutch as the word DUTCHY was used and it is similar to a registered mark. However, Beechy Beverages could seek for a defence under s.11(2)(b) as the use could be argued as indications for the geographical origin of its goods if there is an infringement. Beechy Beverages would argue that the use of the mark was indicating the goods are from Dutch as the name, DUTCHY BEECH consists partly of the geographical name. This defence would be accepted if the use of the mark may be expected by the public. In conclusion, the shape of the seashell base would be difficult to be registered and the slogan OUR WORLD IS YOUR OYSTER would not be able to be registered as it failed to meet requirement stated above. Moreover, De Rijk and Kluyv will success in their infringement claim but Beechy Beverages would have a defence to it as stated above. De Rijk and Kluyv could seek for injunction and damages from Beechy Beverages for the losses. [1] Davis, Jennifer, Intellectual Property Law Core Text, (4th edn, OUP 2012) 200 [2] Trade Marks Act 1994, s.1(1) [3] First Council Directive 89/104/EEC to approximate the laws of the Member States relating to trade marks [1988] [4] Sieckmann v Deutsches Patentund Markenamt (C273/00) [2003] 3 WLR 424 [5] Swizzels Matlow Ltds 3-Dimensional Trade Mark Application [1999] RPC 879 [6] Re Coca-Cola Co [1986] 2 All ER 274 [7] Smith Kline French Laboratories Ltd v Sterling-Winthrop Group Ltd [1976] RPC 511 [8] Scandecor Development AB v Scandecor Marketing AV and Others [2002] FSR 122 [9] Canon Kabushiki Kaisha v MGM [1999] ETMR 1 [10] Mag Instrument v OHIM (C-136/02) [2005] ETMR 46 [11] British Sugar Plc v James Robertson and Son Ltd [1996] RPC 281 [12] Besnier SAs Trade Mark Application [2002] RPC 60 [13] Procter Gamble Co. v OHIM (C-383/99) [2001] ECR I-6251 [14] Griffiths, Modernising Trade Mark Law and Promoting Economic Efficiency: an evaluation of the Baby-Dry judgment and its aftermath [2003] 1 IPQ 1-37 [15] Windsurfing Chiemsee v Attenberger Cases C-108/97, C-109/97 [1999] ECR I-2779 [16] OHIM v Wm. Wrigley Jr. Co. (C-191/01) [2003] ECR I-12447 [17] Socià ©tà © des Produits Nestlà © SA v Mars UK Ltd [C-353/03] [2006] FSR 2 [18] Trade Marks Act 1994, s.10(3) [19] Muelhens v OHIM [2006] ECR I-0000 [20] Sabel BV v Puma AG, Rudolf Dassler Sport [1998] RPC 199 [21] Daimler Chrysler AG v Javid Alavi (t/a Merc) [2001] RPC 42 [22] General Motors (GM) v Yplon SA (C-375/97) [1999] ECR I-5421 [23] LOreal SA v Bellure N.V. and Others [2010] EWCA Civ 535 [24] Premier Brands UK v Typhoon Europe Ltd [2000] FSR 767 [25] Directive 97/55/EC of European Parliament and of the Council of 6 October 1997 amending Directive 84/450/EEC concerning misleading advertising so as to include comparative advertising [1997] [26] Reed Executive Plc v Reed Business Information Ltd [2004] RPC 767 [27] Adam Opel AG v Autec AG C-48/05

Poetry Intertextual :: English Literature Essays

Poetry Intertextual The anthology â€Å"Lines to Time† includes a wide range of poems written by a selection of poets. What makes â€Å"Line to Time† interesting and enjoyable to read is the variety of topic and treatment the poets use to make their poetry effective. The range of poets featured in â€Å"Lines to Time† use a variety of poetic devices and writer’s techniques such as symbolism, imagery, alliteration, onomatopoeia, tone, metaphors and humour, to effectively construct an evocative poem. Symbolism and imagery plays a large role in Gwen Harwood’s poems â€Å"Suburban Sonnet†, â€Å" Suburban Sonnet: Boxing Day† and â€Å"Father and Child†. â€Å"Suburban Sonnet† tackles the issue of the harshness of motherhood. Harwood creates the image that the woman in the poem has sacrificed her dreams and aspirations, to become a mother figure for her children. This image is portrayed through Harwood’s contrasting ideas that the way she moves around the kitchen is similar to the complex composition of a fugue. â€Å"She practices a fugue, though it can matter to no one now if she lays well or not.† Symbolism and imagery help Harwood to achieve the poem’s purpose in creating a sympathetic tone towards the woman’s struggle. The use of rhyming couplets and irregular short sentences create a hectic and disorganised structure and rhythm to the poem, which symbolises the mother’s life. Harwood uses emotive description and olfactory imagery to allow the audience to experience exactly what the woman is feeling. â€Å"A pot boils over. As she rushes to the stove too late, a wave of nausea overpowers† Harwood creates the image of a pot of milk boiling over and a horrible odour dispersing from it. The use of olfactory imagery presents the audience with a common smell recognised as a disgusting stench, forcing the audience to feel empathy towards the poor woman. The mouse caught in the trap is symbolic of her dreams and hopes that are crushed and demolished when she made a sacrifice for the sake of her family. The mouse is symbolic of the mother, who is stuck in a trap and is unable to break free. Harwood uses this symbolism to express the major thematic concern, that she has become a slave to her family. â€Å"Suburban Sonnet† is a very bitter and melancholic poem, and is told from the author’s point of view, creating the sense that maybe the woman in the sonnet could be the poet herself. Poetry Intertextual :: English Literature Essays Poetry Intertextual The anthology â€Å"Lines to Time† includes a wide range of poems written by a selection of poets. What makes â€Å"Line to Time† interesting and enjoyable to read is the variety of topic and treatment the poets use to make their poetry effective. The range of poets featured in â€Å"Lines to Time† use a variety of poetic devices and writer’s techniques such as symbolism, imagery, alliteration, onomatopoeia, tone, metaphors and humour, to effectively construct an evocative poem. Symbolism and imagery plays a large role in Gwen Harwood’s poems â€Å"Suburban Sonnet†, â€Å" Suburban Sonnet: Boxing Day† and â€Å"Father and Child†. â€Å"Suburban Sonnet† tackles the issue of the harshness of motherhood. Harwood creates the image that the woman in the poem has sacrificed her dreams and aspirations, to become a mother figure for her children. This image is portrayed through Harwood’s contrasting ideas that the way she moves around the kitchen is similar to the complex composition of a fugue. â€Å"She practices a fugue, though it can matter to no one now if she lays well or not.† Symbolism and imagery help Harwood to achieve the poem’s purpose in creating a sympathetic tone towards the woman’s struggle. The use of rhyming couplets and irregular short sentences create a hectic and disorganised structure and rhythm to the poem, which symbolises the mother’s life. Harwood uses emotive description and olfactory imagery to allow the audience to experience exactly what the woman is feeling. â€Å"A pot boils over. As she rushes to the stove too late, a wave of nausea overpowers† Harwood creates the image of a pot of milk boiling over and a horrible odour dispersing from it. The use of olfactory imagery presents the audience with a common smell recognised as a disgusting stench, forcing the audience to feel empathy towards the poor woman. The mouse caught in the trap is symbolic of her dreams and hopes that are crushed and demolished when she made a sacrifice for the sake of her family. The mouse is symbolic of the mother, who is stuck in a trap and is unable to break free. Harwood uses this symbolism to express the major thematic concern, that she has become a slave to her family. â€Å"Suburban Sonnet† is a very bitter and melancholic poem, and is told from the author’s point of view, creating the sense that maybe the woman in the sonnet could be the poet herself.

Y2k: Should We Be Worried? :: essays research papers

Some people wonder what Y2K is, and whether it is true or false. Should we be worried about Y2K? Some people are sure it is false, yet the news stresses that it is true. This has many people in fear for their life. Some have been preparing for over a year now because they think Y2K is going to hit and the power will go out and absolutely nothing will work. Should we believe this? Many people ask, "What is Y2K?". It made me wonder one day, "What does Y2K really mean?". I went to the search engine <a href="http://www.altavista.com">Altavista and typed in "What does Y2K stand for?". I looked and looked and finally found a page that answered mine and many others' questions. Y2K stands for Year 2000. Why K though? Why not Y2T? It is K because the Greek for thousand is Kilo so we use K to stand for thousand. Then comes another big question. What causes Y2K? There are two different factors in what causes Y2K. One factor being: Along time ago, approximately in the 70's different operating systems were being made for computers. The computer programmers decided to make the dates in these operating systems and programs with 2 digits(73) instead of 4(1973). That was all fine until about the early 90's when computer programmers noticed something. They saw that when the year 2000 rolled around the computers would read the date as 00 instead of 2000. The computer would think, "1900?", but I was made in 1973. This confuses the computer ,therefore, it resets it's self to 1980 and rearranges all of the settings in the BIOS (the programs that tells the computer which drive to load to, what kind of memory, what kind of CD-ROM the computer has, etc.). This could cause a problem, but nothing that could not be fixed in 5 minutes. One downfall to that is every time it got up to 2000 it would need to be fixed again. The upside being a program that reads the date with four digits is approximately ninety dollars depending on the kind of program wanted. The other factor is a computer programming language called COBOL (common business oriented language). This computer programming language is used by many businesses' computers. COBOL handles numbers and text so that businesses can produce reports and keep track of all sorts of data. It has no idea what a date is.

Canterbury Tales :: essays research papers

Canterbury Tales Chaucer wrote about many personalities and their triumphs and inadequacies.The Knight is portrayed as an ideal persona. He is a part of the Feudal system. The impression that I get is one of am older weathered soldier. He is modest of his cultural status. I think that after the wars and battles that he fought he might not want to talk about them and he may even be guilty of them. He wore older clothes. They were not as fancy as he could have worn. He portrays the chivalry element of the bunch. He is religious and also courageous:Who from the day on which he first began / To ride abroad had followed chivalry,Truth, honour, generousness, and courtesy. (44-46) He traveled many places over great distances to fight at almost all of the important battles. Chaucer calls him a perfect Knight: â€Å"He was a true, a perfect gentle-knight†(68). He owned fine horses that were a symbol of wealth at that time, but he did not show this wealth outwardly in his clothing or adornments. The Knight’s son is somewhat his opposite. He dresses more fancily and shows off. He is a squire training to be a knight like his father. I don’t think that he is very serious about this because he enjoys the pleasures of life and not much of his training. Chaucer’s thoughts of his appearance were: He was some twenty years of age, I guessed. In stature he was of moderate length,With wonderful agility and strength. (78-80) He stayed up mall night and partied so he did not get much sleep. The Oxford Cleric was an odd scholar. He had a skinny horse and he looks hollow. His clothes were worn thin because he spent all his money on learning. He took money from his friends and spent it on more knowledge: Whatever money from his friends he took / He spent on learning or another book (303-304) The only thing he cared about in his life was studying.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  The Franklin wanted the best of everything and lived for happiness to every extent. He had the finest food and wine and was obsessed with them. He was not religious. He was so obsessed with food that he had to have the finest there was and if he sis not he blamed the cook.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   The wife of bath was deaf. She made long scarves and traveled. In church she did not like anyone to go in front of her in church.

Compare and Contrast “The Necklace” and “Ambush”

In the analyses of comparing and contrasting â€Å"The Necklace† and â€Å"Ambush,† they are very different, but also similar. The setting in each story could not be any more polar than they already are. The similarity of the two stories is that the plots both contain lies. In â€Å"The Necklace,† a female character, Mathilde, is living in Paris during the 19th century. She is poor, yet undyingly wishes she was wealthy. One day the woman is invited to a prestigious ball within her city.She immediately she contacts a rich friend and borrows a fabulous necklace. Once the night is all said and done and she returns from the ball, she realizes that the borrowed necklace is lost. She reacts by lying about the necklace and buying her friend a new one. With her financial situation the way it is she goes spiraling into debt and never recovers. Later, once Mathilde admits to her friend that she lost and replaced the necklace, it is revealed that the borrowed necklace was a fake worth very little.In â€Å"Ambush,† a male character O’Brien, is asked many times by his daughter about his war stories and if he had killed anyone. He naturally fears a negative reaction from her and prevents this by lying. Once he lies, he contemplates telling his daughter the truth; pretends his daughter is an adult and imagines telling her the truth of the time he shot an enemy coming through thick mist. This story takes place in an unknown place and is told throughout the childhood of his daughter.In conclusion, in the analyses of â€Å"The Necklace† and â€Å"Ambush† the plots both contain a lie, which makes them similar, however, the characters used as well as the setting of each are completely different and unrelated. These stories have similar plot aspect, because each plot contains a lie that is told. They are also differing in other ways, including, the setting. In â€Å"The Necklace,† the setting is Paris during the 19th century; the other is unknown and unimportant to the story.

Variable naming rules in Visual Basic, Python, and Java

This paper will describe the variable naming rules of three different programming languages. These three languages are Visual Basic, Python, and Java. Each of these languages has different rules that apply to them and some similarities. I will describe the rules and the similarities and differences in the next few paragraphs.The first language and its rules I will describe is Visual Basic. Visual Basic has a few different rules and they are described on Microsoft’s website in a document. This document is called (â€Å"Visual Basic Naming Rules†) and they read as such: You must use a letter as the first character.You can't use a space, period (.), exclamation mark (!), or the characters @, &, $, # in the name. Name can't exceed 255 characters in length. Generally, you shouldn't use any names that are the same as the functions, statements, and methods in Visual Basic. Visual Basic isn't case-sensitive, but it preserves the capitalization in the statement where the name is declared. These are the variable naming rules are specific to Visual Basic and are essential to know if you program using Visual Basic.The second language I will describe is Python. This language has a few rules of its own and they are described on a site called programmr.com in an article called (â€Å"Python Variable Naming Rules†) and they read as such: Must begin with a letter (a – z, A – B) or underscore (_).  Other characters can be letters, numbers or _ only.  Variable names are Case Sensitive.There are some reserved words which we cannot use as a variable name because Python uses them for other things. These are: and, del, from, not, while, as, elif, global, or, with, assert, else, if, pass, yield, break, except, import, print, break, except, import, print, class, exec, in, raise, class, exec, in, raise, continue, finally, is, return, continue, finally, is, return, def, for, lambda and try. These are the naming rules for Python and are necessary to programming in this specific language.The third and final language I will talk about is Java. This program is no different than the other two languages and its rules are described in an Oracle document called (â€Å"Lesson: Language Basics†) in a sub article called â€Å"Variables† and they read as such: Variable names are case-sensitive. A variable's name can be any legal identifier — an unlimited-length sequence of Unicode letters and digits, beginning with a letter, the dollar sign â€Å"$†, or the underscore character â€Å"_†. The convention, however, is to always begin your variable names with a letter, not â€Å"$† or â€Å"_†. Additionally, the dollar sign character, by convention, is never used at all.You may find some situations where auto-generated names will contain the dollar sign, but your variable names should always avoid using it. A similar convention exists for the underscore character; while it's technically legal t o begin your variable's name with â€Å"_†, this practice is discouraged. White space is not permitted. Subsequent characters may be letters, digits, dollar signs, or underscore characters. Conventions (and common sense) apply to this rule as well.When choosing a name for your variables, use full words instead of cryptic abbreviations. Doing so will make your code easier to read and understand. In many cases it will also make your code self-documenting; fields named cadence, speed, and gear, for example, are much more intuitive than abbreviated versions, such as s, c, and g. Also keep in mind that the name you choose must not be a keyword or reserved word. If the name you choose consists of only one word, spell that word in all lowercase letters. If it consists of more than one word, capitalize the first letter of each subsequent word. The names gearRatio and currentGear are prime examples of this convention.If your variable stores a constant value, such as static final int N UM_GEARS = 6, the convention changes slightly, capitalizing every letter and separating subsequent words with the underscore character. By convention, the underscore character is never used elsewhere. The Java programming language is statically-typed, which means that all variables must first be declared before they can be used.

Psychological negative effects of MRSA

Erasures was treatable with penicillin until the sass's, in 1959 when more the 90-95% of all strains became resistant it was treated with nonmetallic, a stronger form of antibiotic that was used to treat gram positive bacteria. This In turn because resistant to all strains of the bacterium. Nonmetallic is no longer used today but the term for MRS. is still used. Colonization: The organism Is superficially carried on the skin, in the nose, etc. People are not sick and do not require antibiotics.Infection: A person has a clinical Infection with the organism e. G. Wound Infection, skepticism, urinary Infection etc. Infected persons usually require systemic antibiotics. MRS. is transmitted through skin to skin contact and is carried by 2% of the human population. MRS. rate is very high in New Zealand. There are two types of MRS., HA- MRS. hospital or health care acquired and CA-MRS. community acquired. The most common means of transmission is in a health care environment as patients hav e lower immune systems and are weak.MRS. in hospitals and other care settings is easily spread as hygiene practices are not up to scratch from patient/ nurse contact and hygiene with surgical wounds and other intensive devices such as catheters and feeding tubes. Community acquired MRS. can be found in healthy patients that have not been hospitalized. Many patients of MRS. do not understand their infection and its ways of transmission; this can lead to feelings of astigmatism and fear. MRS. itself cannot have any direct psychological impact on patients with MRS. but is in fact other people's attitudes and the patient's perception of scrutiny.Research has hon. that contact with infected hospital patients on average drops by 22% when a person id diagnosed with MRS.. Isolation techniques in infection control are no longer used as they can cause psychosocial effects for patients and their families and Interfere with the home-like atmosphere that a nurse is trying to establish. For these reasons, a system called Body Substance Precautions (BSP) was developed. It focuses on keeping all moist body substances, (blood, feces, urine, wound drainage, tissues, oral secretions, and other body fluids) from the hands of personnel.This Is accomplished through hand washing and Increased glove use Shown Ms Fairly retirement village where my patient resides has a policy for MRS. and Infection control from the Missouri department of health and senior services section for living term care and the advisory committee on Infection prevention and control. Their infection control guidelines for long term care facilities have an emphasis on body substance precautions. BSP provides a consistent approach to managing body substances from ALL residents and is essential in preventing transmission of potentially infectious agents. Specific situation for the overall reasonable exposure risk associated with the task. Risk factors that should be included in the evaluation include: Type of body f luid with which there is or will be contact. Volume of blood/body substances likely to be encountered Reasonable anticipation of exposure; e. G. , â€Å"will my hands touch the resident's secretions? † Probable route of exposure; I. E. , hand contact, airborne, droplet, splashing Microbe concentration in fluid or tissue. Some safety precautions include: Gloves,Handwriting ,Face and Eye Protection ,Apron or Gown Sharps Handling and Disposal ,Employee Health ,Handling Laboratory Specimens, Soiled Linen ,Disposal of Regulated Waste From Resident's Rooms, Environmental Cleaning, Cardiopulmonary Resuscitation (CPRM) , Resident Placement, Activity Restriction and the Use of Private Rooms for Infection Prevention and Control , Physician's Role in Implementing the Body Substance Precautions System, Role of Nurses and Other Health Care Workers in Implementing the Body, Substance Precautions System, Precautions for Residents With Airborne Diseases.

Philippine Literature During the Japanese Era Essay

During the Japanese Occupation, when Tagalog was favored by the Japanese military authority, writing in English was consigned to limbo. It picked up after the war, however, with a fervor and drive for excellence that continue to this day. Stevan Javellana’s â€Å"Without Seeing the Dawn† (1947), the first postwar novel in English, was published in the United States. In 1946, the Barangay Writers Project was founded to help publish books in English. Against a background marked by political unrest and government battles with Hukbalahap guerrillas, writers in English in the postwar period honed their sense of craft and techniques. Among the writers who came into their own during this time were: Nick Joaquin, NVM Gonzalez, Francisco Arcellana, Carlos Bulosan, F. Sionil Jose, Ricaredo Demetillo, Kerima Polotan Tuvera, Carlos Angeles, Edilberto K. Tiempo, Amador Daguio, Estrella Alfon, Alejandrino Hufana, Gregorio Brillantes, Bienvenido Santos, Dominador Ilio, T.D. Agcaoili, Alejandro R. Roces, Sinai C. Hamada, Linda Ty-Casper, Virginia Moreno, Luis Dato, Gilda Cordero-Fernando, Abelardo and Tarrosa Subido, Manuel A. Viray, Vicente Rivera Jr., and Oscar de Zuà ±iga, among many others. Read more:  The Virgin by Kerima Polotan Fresh from studies in American universities, usually as Fulbright or Rockefeller scholars, a number of these writers introduced New Criticism to the country and applied its tenets in literature classes and writing workshops. In this way were born the Silliman Writers Summer Workshop (started in 1962 by Edilberto K. Tiempo and Edith L. Tiempo) and the U.P. Writers Summer Workshop (started in 1965 by the Department of English at the U.P.). To this day, these workshops help discover writing talents and develop them in their craft. Culture The arrival of the Japanese caused tremendous fear, hardships and suffering among the Filipinos. The Filipino way of life was greatly affected during the Japanese period. The Filipinos lost their freedom of speech and expression. The development of art was also stopped. Filipinos greatly feared the â€Å"zoning†. There were Filipinos spies hired by the Japanese to point those who were suspected of being part of the guerilla movement. The Japanese made some changes in the system of education. Music Despite the terror and uncertainty brought by the Second World War and the Japanese rule in the country, playing and listening to music were among the leisure activities that somehow made life bearable for Filipinos. Under their rule, the Japanese imposed their own music on the country. Japanese music was heard daily in radio broadcasts. Their songs were also taught in public schools. Students, however, never took these songs to heart. The performance of jazz and Western music identified with the allied nations of the war was prohibited. Hence, the Japanese held conferences and lectures on Oriental music in Manila with the hope of diverting the loyalty of the Filipinos away from the Americans. The first was a Japanese Musical Mission to the Philippines held on May 7, 1943, with the support of the New Philippine Musical Federation headed by Kosak Yamada. The Japanese nevertheless encouraged the creation and performance of music with native themes through music contests. Concerts were also a common form of amusement for Filipinos at the time and the Metropolitan Theater became an important venue for cultural events. Classical music, including opera, flourished during the war. For instance, the New Philippine Symphony, the first all-Filipino orchestra, was organized. It performed an all-Philippine symphonic program in July 1942, with Francisco Santiago as conductor. The Philippine Conservatory of Music, an affiliate of the Philippine Women’s University, was one of the few music schools in the country that opened during the war. Music-making remained a popular pastime in homes. Families sang and played musical instruments to entertain themselves. On special occasions, families held special concerts for themselves, as well as their friends. All these prove that even during turbulent times, Filipinos’ love of music could never be suppressed. Poetry Three types of poems emerged during this period. They were: 1. Haiku – a poem of free verse that the Japanese like. It was made up of 17 syllables divided into three lines. The first line had 5 syllables, the second, 7 syllables, and the third, five. The Haiku is allegorical in meaning, is short and covers a wide scope in meaning. 2. Tanaga – like the Haiku, is short but it had measure and rhyme. Each line had 17 syllables and it’s also allegorical in meaning. 3. Karaniwang Anyo (Usual Form) – like those mentioned earlier in the beginning chapters of this book. Drama The drama experienced a lull during the Japanese period because movie houses showing American films were closed. The big movie houses were just made to show stage shows. Many of the plays were reproductions of English plays to Tagalog. The translators were Francisco Soc Rodrigo, Alberto Concio , and Narciso Pimentel. They also founded the organization of Filipino players named Dramatic Philippines. A few of playwriters were: 1. Jose Ma. Hernandez – wrote PANDAY PIRA 2. Francisco Soc Rodrigo – wrote sa PULA, SA PUTI 3. Clodualdo del Mundo – wrote BULAGA (an expression in the game Hide and Seek). 4. Julian Cruz Balmaceda – wrote SINO BA KAYO?, DAHIL SA ANAK, and HIGANTE NG PATAY. C. Short Story The field of the short story widened during the Japanese Occupation. Many wrote short stories. Among them were: Brigido Batungbakal , Macario Pineda, Serafin Guinigindo , Liwayway Arceo , Narciso Ramos, NVM Gonzales, Alicia Lopez Lim, Ligaya Perez, and Gloria Guzman. The best writings in 1945 were selected by a group of judges composed of francisco icasiano , jose esperanza cruz, antonio rosales, clodualdo del mundo and teodoro santos. As a result of this selection, the following got the first three prizes: first prize: narciso reyes with his lupang tinubuan second prize: liwayway arceo’s uhaw ang tigang na lupa third prize: nvm gonzales’ lunsod nayon at dagat-dagatan Noteworthy writer of the period was Carlos P. Romulo who won the Pulitzer Prize for his bestsellers I SAW THE FALL OF THE PHILIPPINES, I SEE THE PHILIPPINES RISE and his MOTHER AMERICA AND MY BROTHER AMERICANS. Journalists include Salvador P. Lopez, Leon Ma. Geurrero, Raul Manglapuz and Carlos Bulosan. Nick Joaquin produced THE WOMAN WHO LOOKED LIKE LAZARUS. Fred Ruiz Castro wrote a few poems. F.B. Icasino wrote essays in The Philippine Review. Literature Because of the strict prohibitions imposed b the Japanese in the writing and publishing of works in English, Philippine literature in English experienced a dark period. The few who dared to write did so for their bread and butter or for propaganda. Writings that came out during this period were journalistic in nature. Writers felt suppressed but slowly, the spirit of nationalism started to seep into their consciousness. While some continued to write, the majority waited for a better climate to publish their works. Carlos Bulosan’s works included THE LAUGHTER OF MY FATHER (1944), THE VOICE OF BATAAN, 1943, SIX FILIPINO POETS, 1942, among others. Alfredo Litiatco published With Harp and Sling and in 1943, Jose P. Laurel published Forces that Make a Nation Great. The Commonwealth Literary Awards gave prizes to meritorious writers. Those who won were: 1. LIKE THE MOLAVE – by Rafael Zulueta da Costa (Poetry) 2. HOW MY BROTHER LEON BROUGTH HOME A WIFE – by Manuel E. Arguilla (Short Story) 3. LITERATURE AND SOCIETY – by Salvador P. Lopez (Essay) 4. HIS NATIVE SOIL – by Juan Laya (Novel) President Manuel L. Quezon’s autobiography THE GOOD FIGHT was published posthumously. Radio broadcasts echoed the mingled fear and doubts in the hearts of the people. Other writers of this period were Juan Collas (19440, Tomas Confesor (1945), Roman A. de la Cruz and Elisa Tabuà ±ar .

Quantitative and Qualititative reserch----teenager smoking Research Paper

Quantitative and Qualititative reserch----teenager smoking - Research Paper Example The main reason for the study is to address the increasing rates of smoking among teen in the United Kingdom. This study has two major aims. The first aim is to illustrate the negative effects of smoking, both first hand and second hand, among the teenage demography in the United Kingdom. The second aim of the research is to illustrate measures that address the health challenges cause by teenage smoking. The hypothesis for the study is that; teenager smoking has negative health consequences. The first analyzed study explains that; the addictive drug contained in cigarette smoke is called nicotine. The addiction causes the teenage smokers to go on with the habit of consuming tobacco. Addicted teenage smokers consume adequate nicotine levels to achieve their craving needs. Individuals, who crave high nicotine levels, consume more cigarette products. Tobacco smoke has more than 60 chemicals that cause cancer. Smoking, therefore, harms almost all body organs. The second study focuses on the health consequences of smoking. Short term effects of smoking include; nicotine addiction and respiratory effects. The long term effects of smoking entails reduced lung functioning and minimized lung growth. Other generate effects involves heart strokes during later stages of life, and heart diseases. The third research study shows the demographics involving teenage and children smoking. In 2014, approximately 4% of children and teens aged between 11 and 15 continuously smoke not less th an one cigarette every week. However, regular teenage smokers in the United Kingdom consume an average of 36 cigarettes per week. The three studies employed appropriate research techniques. This is because they applied both quantitative and qualitative approaches of research, during data analysis (Laura 2008). The main limitation in the three studies involved minimum time duration for collecting data. Respondents normally required adequate

Consumers' Attitude towards a role of Celebrity, Endorsements in Article

Consumers' Attitude towards a role of Celebrity, Endorsements in Advertising - Article Example Its significance can be seen in the fact that in the UK alone, companies spent almost 19.4 billion in 2007 on advertising (UK Advertising Statistics, 2008). Furthermore, the total advertising expenditure in the US for the same year was a whopping $279.6 billion (U.S. Annual Advertising Spending Since 1919, 2008). Also in the UK, the advertising industry provides almost thirteen thousand jobs, which shows how it has helped the British economy (Whyte, n.d.). This is because capitalism has engendered an emphasis on consumerism wherein economies rely mostly on consumption expenditure (Busler, 2002). For instance, consumption expenditure accounted for an estimated 68% of US GDP (Busler, 2002). Consequently, companies have to rely on—aside from product and service quality and other strategies needed to produce what consumers will buy—advertising in order to attract consumers (Busler, 2002). Hence, based on these facts, it cannot be denied that advertising plays a major role in today’s cutthroat world of business. The competition is so fierce that a supermarket in the US is known to carry an estimated twelve thousand brands in their store—and that is just a supermarket, it does not even include department stores and other industries where brand names are important (Kulkarni and Gaulkar, 2005). Because of this, numerous advertising strategies—where the avenues used are the different types of media: TV, film, print and radio—have been developed throughout the years to make sure that the billions spent on it is worthwhile. Moreover, because of the proven significance of advertising to various businesses, whether big or small, innumerable studies have been conducted in order to ascertain its effects on consumer behavior and attitudes—as the end goal of advertising is, of course, to sell products and increase revenues for companies. Due to the vast range of resources on advertising principles and its impacts on